Sports Final Exam with 100% Correct
Answers
definition of sports - correct answer-Any competitive physical activity that is guided by
established rules and compulsory elements→ winner and loser
sports as a civil religion - correct answer-seasons/holidays
usurpation of traditional religious observance
powerful symbols
collective effervescence
transformation of the profane to the sacred
Little Girls in Pretty Boxes - correct answer-Idea of perfection in feminine sports, the
focus on the feminine gaze, eating disorders common, abuse is normalized in pursuit of
victory
Debi Thomas - correct answer-African American figure skater, first African American to
win a medal at the winter games, criticized for muscular physique
Tonya Harding - correct answer-Class lens: tacky and unpolished, attack on Nancy
Kerrigan, Kerrigan becomes a feminine icon
Eitzen fair and foul - correct answer-Use of confederate, Native American, etc. symbols
in sports, sexist diminutives for women teams
Adam Rippon - correct answer-American figure skater, openly gay, made political
statements in 2018, especially in a sport like figure skating that is so subjective
Maame Biney - correct answer-African American speedskater female in very white sport
Title IX Three Part Test - correct answer-Proportionality test (are participation
opportunities similar to the overall makeup of student body
History of progress test (is there a history of expanding programs for women who were
underrepresented)
Accomodation of interest test (is institution giving teams to those who are interested; if
school wants to do less sports they have to prove that students are not interested in
participating in these teams)
Cohen v. Brown University - correct answer-Budget cuts lead to Brown dropping
women's volleyball and gymnastics, along with mens golf and water polo.
-did not change the proportional number of women athletes much.
, -did change the amount of money allocated to the womens sports, as the cuts in
womens sports were roughly $60k, versus 15k in mens sports.
James Naismith - correct answer-United States educator (born in Canada) who
invented the game of basketball, accident of history, accommodating to harsh climates,
height of hoops
Early-mid 19th century sports - correct answer-industrialization, more leisure time for
Americans, growth of rowing, increase of technology, printing press, more
commercialized
Definition of youth sports - correct answer-organized forms of sports that are run by
adults where prizes are given out → records are kept
Key moments in development of youth sports - correct answer-More worried about kids
getting into trouble in their free time
Development of parks and playgrounds with monitors
Movement to organized sports → American values of hard work and respect for
authority, athletics preparing for industrial society,
PSAL for boys had formal contests between children
Worries about too much athletic competition in school settings → organized
competitions become privatized, outside the school system
Growth of competition post WWII, domination of middle class children, competition not
across classes
Desire to dampen overcompetition "self-esteem movement"
AAU → explosion of hyper-competitiveness → partnership with Disney and registered
nonprofit
Structural changes that promoted youth sports development - correct answer-Changes
in the organization of prizes in the US → number of prizes gets much larger
Changes in family structure → fewer kids means more attention for kids and more
anxiety about kids succeeding, more mothers working leading to parental guilt,
population booms → overwhelming institutions and schools, cultural notion of
competition, baby boomers see life as a series of contests
Changes in education system → growing competitive frenzy over college admissions,
lots of parental anxiety, rise of the common application, transportation makes colleges
more accessible
Youth soccer - correct answer-More soccer than any other youth sport today
Immigrants from Europe in 19th century
Immigrants and Latino community kept soccer alive, now being shut out due to pay to
play
AYSO = very egalitarian, need to increase competition → private clubs with higher
participation fees, year round seasons, travel soccer, paid coaches
Participation has fallen in recent times, lacrosse is fastest growing sport
Answers
definition of sports - correct answer-Any competitive physical activity that is guided by
established rules and compulsory elements→ winner and loser
sports as a civil religion - correct answer-seasons/holidays
usurpation of traditional religious observance
powerful symbols
collective effervescence
transformation of the profane to the sacred
Little Girls in Pretty Boxes - correct answer-Idea of perfection in feminine sports, the
focus on the feminine gaze, eating disorders common, abuse is normalized in pursuit of
victory
Debi Thomas - correct answer-African American figure skater, first African American to
win a medal at the winter games, criticized for muscular physique
Tonya Harding - correct answer-Class lens: tacky and unpolished, attack on Nancy
Kerrigan, Kerrigan becomes a feminine icon
Eitzen fair and foul - correct answer-Use of confederate, Native American, etc. symbols
in sports, sexist diminutives for women teams
Adam Rippon - correct answer-American figure skater, openly gay, made political
statements in 2018, especially in a sport like figure skating that is so subjective
Maame Biney - correct answer-African American speedskater female in very white sport
Title IX Three Part Test - correct answer-Proportionality test (are participation
opportunities similar to the overall makeup of student body
History of progress test (is there a history of expanding programs for women who were
underrepresented)
Accomodation of interest test (is institution giving teams to those who are interested; if
school wants to do less sports they have to prove that students are not interested in
participating in these teams)
Cohen v. Brown University - correct answer-Budget cuts lead to Brown dropping
women's volleyball and gymnastics, along with mens golf and water polo.
-did not change the proportional number of women athletes much.
, -did change the amount of money allocated to the womens sports, as the cuts in
womens sports were roughly $60k, versus 15k in mens sports.
James Naismith - correct answer-United States educator (born in Canada) who
invented the game of basketball, accident of history, accommodating to harsh climates,
height of hoops
Early-mid 19th century sports - correct answer-industrialization, more leisure time for
Americans, growth of rowing, increase of technology, printing press, more
commercialized
Definition of youth sports - correct answer-organized forms of sports that are run by
adults where prizes are given out → records are kept
Key moments in development of youth sports - correct answer-More worried about kids
getting into trouble in their free time
Development of parks and playgrounds with monitors
Movement to organized sports → American values of hard work and respect for
authority, athletics preparing for industrial society,
PSAL for boys had formal contests between children
Worries about too much athletic competition in school settings → organized
competitions become privatized, outside the school system
Growth of competition post WWII, domination of middle class children, competition not
across classes
Desire to dampen overcompetition "self-esteem movement"
AAU → explosion of hyper-competitiveness → partnership with Disney and registered
nonprofit
Structural changes that promoted youth sports development - correct answer-Changes
in the organization of prizes in the US → number of prizes gets much larger
Changes in family structure → fewer kids means more attention for kids and more
anxiety about kids succeeding, more mothers working leading to parental guilt,
population booms → overwhelming institutions and schools, cultural notion of
competition, baby boomers see life as a series of contests
Changes in education system → growing competitive frenzy over college admissions,
lots of parental anxiety, rise of the common application, transportation makes colleges
more accessible
Youth soccer - correct answer-More soccer than any other youth sport today
Immigrants from Europe in 19th century
Immigrants and Latino community kept soccer alive, now being shut out due to pay to
play
AYSO = very egalitarian, need to increase competition → private clubs with higher
participation fees, year round seasons, travel soccer, paid coaches
Participation has fallen in recent times, lacrosse is fastest growing sport
