NUCLEAR MEDICINE BOARD EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS AND STUDY
GUIDE 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DE
TAILED ANSWERS
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fykiya
1. Radioactive iso- 99m Technetium
tope used for ma-
jority of cases
2. Why 99m Tech- - 99m Tc gamma emitter
netium - scintillating crystal within gamma camera = detects gam-
ma rays
3. Half life of 99m 6 hours
Technetium
4. 99 Molybdenum - 99m Technetium is there 'daughter'
- moly decays into 99m Tech
- half life = 3 days
- as moly decays = so does 99m tech = less radioactivity
to work with
5. Generator Generator is eluted (viles in the top, look at image) to
supply the 99m Tc liquid which is added to variety of
pharmaceuticals (depending on type of scans)
6. How is - injected into pt vein
Radiopharma- - inhaled
ceutical liquid - ingested
introduced to
patient
7. Two types of kid- - 99m Tc DMSA (scarring of kidney tissue following fre-
ney scans quent UTIs)
- 99m TcMAG3 (kidney function, obstruction)
8. Why is an ob- Because it is obstructed so the radioactive isotope can't
structed kidney leave the kidney
brighter
9. Thyroid scan - On sternal notch as thyroid gland shouldn't extend further
Marker where? than the sternal notch
, NUCLEAR MEDICINE BOARD EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS AND STUDY
GUIDE 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DE
TAILED ANSWERS
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fykiya
10. What happens - Eat scrambled eggs with 99m Technetium
with gastric emp- - scan
tying - how much is left in stomach at 120minutes
- continue scanning until less than 10% is left (so we know
how long it actually took to empty)
11. Heart scans - MUGA (multigated acquisition, looks at efficiency of
heart pumping)
- MPI (stress and rest, difference between permanent
blood loss or temporary blood loss to L bottom chamber)
12. PET Scan Needs a pet camera, not a normal
13. Brown fat uptake Happens when the patient gets cold
14. Muscle uptake Happens when patient moves, uses muscles, etc
15. Basic Science Nuclides have same A, higher (less stable) energy state
Isomers - denoted by letter m
example = technetium
16. Basic Science - nearer nucleus = greater energy
Binding energy - amount of energy needed to eject electron from shell
- K shell electrons = greater binding energy than M shell
electrons
17. Basic Science - orbital electron = given enough energy to be ejected
Ionisation from atom
- leaves vacancy = filled from next shell out
- = characteristic radiation
18. Basic Science - Orbital electron enough energy to be ejected from shell,
Excitation but not enough to leave atom
- Moves to outer orbit, then drops back
- gives extra energy = characteristic radiation (usually low
energy
19.
, NUCLEAR MEDICINE BOARD EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS AND STUDY
GUIDE 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DE
TAILED ANSWERS
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fykiya
Basic Science - electrostatic repulsive force between protons in nucleus
Nuclear Stability - Weaker nuclear attractive force between all nucleons
- nucleus gets bigger = need more neutrons to stop nu-
cleus from flying apart
20. Basic Science - heavy atoms with too many nucleons for stability
Naturally occur- - decay by emitting particles and gamma rays until a
ring radionu- stable protons:neutron ratio is reached
clides
21. Basic Science - stable nuclide and add protons or neutrons = upset
Artificially pro- stable Z:N ratio
duced radionu- - unstable nucleus = emit particles and E.M radiation to
clides reach stability
22. Basic Science No, it will just decay with time as can't be excreted out
Someone with
poor kidney
function, will still
decay at same
rate?
23. Basic Science - electron capture
Nuclides with too - positron emission
few neutrons:
can decay by... Are produced using a cyclotron
24. Basic Science Using oscillating magnetic field to accelerate positively
Cyclotron charged particles, which are fired at target material
25. Basic Science Basis for PET scanning
Positron emis-
sion
26. Basic Science Both ionising electromagnetic radiation
Xrays and gam-
ma rays are Only difference:
both________.
, NUCLEAR MEDICINE BOARD EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS AND STUDY
GUIDE 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DE
TAILED ANSWERS
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fykiya
- xray originate from electron shells of atom
Only difference: - gamma rays originate from nucleus of atom
27. Basic Science - Given large number of atoms the chance that one will
Exponential De- decay in any time period is governed by laws of probability
cay
At = A0.e (- (upside down V)t)
A0 = Initial activity
At = activity after time t
upside down V = decay constant for particular isotope
28. Basic Science Time taken fro activity of radioactive element to fall to one
Radioactive half its original value due to the process of radioactive
(physical) Half decay
life
29. Basic Science Slowed down and loose energy by interacting with:
Electrons pass- - orbital electrons (ionisation, excitation)
ing through mat- - electric field of nucleus (Bremsstrahlung)
ter are.....
30. Gamma Camera
Diagram
31. Gamma Camera - Perpendicular photons to strike crystal
Overview of cam- - Photon causes scintillation in crystal
era: Collimator - PM tube detects scintillation
only allows - Positional computer provide co-ordinates
- PHA (pulse height analysis) filters out all but primary
radiation
- ADC (analogue to digital converter) converts signals for
computer storage
- computer build up individual photons into an image
GUIDE 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DE
TAILED ANSWERS
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fykiya
1. Radioactive iso- 99m Technetium
tope used for ma-
jority of cases
2. Why 99m Tech- - 99m Tc gamma emitter
netium - scintillating crystal within gamma camera = detects gam-
ma rays
3. Half life of 99m 6 hours
Technetium
4. 99 Molybdenum - 99m Technetium is there 'daughter'
- moly decays into 99m Tech
- half life = 3 days
- as moly decays = so does 99m tech = less radioactivity
to work with
5. Generator Generator is eluted (viles in the top, look at image) to
supply the 99m Tc liquid which is added to variety of
pharmaceuticals (depending on type of scans)
6. How is - injected into pt vein
Radiopharma- - inhaled
ceutical liquid - ingested
introduced to
patient
7. Two types of kid- - 99m Tc DMSA (scarring of kidney tissue following fre-
ney scans quent UTIs)
- 99m TcMAG3 (kidney function, obstruction)
8. Why is an ob- Because it is obstructed so the radioactive isotope can't
structed kidney leave the kidney
brighter
9. Thyroid scan - On sternal notch as thyroid gland shouldn't extend further
Marker where? than the sternal notch
, NUCLEAR MEDICINE BOARD EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS AND STUDY
GUIDE 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DE
TAILED ANSWERS
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fykiya
10. What happens - Eat scrambled eggs with 99m Technetium
with gastric emp- - scan
tying - how much is left in stomach at 120minutes
- continue scanning until less than 10% is left (so we know
how long it actually took to empty)
11. Heart scans - MUGA (multigated acquisition, looks at efficiency of
heart pumping)
- MPI (stress and rest, difference between permanent
blood loss or temporary blood loss to L bottom chamber)
12. PET Scan Needs a pet camera, not a normal
13. Brown fat uptake Happens when the patient gets cold
14. Muscle uptake Happens when patient moves, uses muscles, etc
15. Basic Science Nuclides have same A, higher (less stable) energy state
Isomers - denoted by letter m
example = technetium
16. Basic Science - nearer nucleus = greater energy
Binding energy - amount of energy needed to eject electron from shell
- K shell electrons = greater binding energy than M shell
electrons
17. Basic Science - orbital electron = given enough energy to be ejected
Ionisation from atom
- leaves vacancy = filled from next shell out
- = characteristic radiation
18. Basic Science - Orbital electron enough energy to be ejected from shell,
Excitation but not enough to leave atom
- Moves to outer orbit, then drops back
- gives extra energy = characteristic radiation (usually low
energy
19.
, NUCLEAR MEDICINE BOARD EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS AND STUDY
GUIDE 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DE
TAILED ANSWERS
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fykiya
Basic Science - electrostatic repulsive force between protons in nucleus
Nuclear Stability - Weaker nuclear attractive force between all nucleons
- nucleus gets bigger = need more neutrons to stop nu-
cleus from flying apart
20. Basic Science - heavy atoms with too many nucleons for stability
Naturally occur- - decay by emitting particles and gamma rays until a
ring radionu- stable protons:neutron ratio is reached
clides
21. Basic Science - stable nuclide and add protons or neutrons = upset
Artificially pro- stable Z:N ratio
duced radionu- - unstable nucleus = emit particles and E.M radiation to
clides reach stability
22. Basic Science No, it will just decay with time as can't be excreted out
Someone with
poor kidney
function, will still
decay at same
rate?
23. Basic Science - electron capture
Nuclides with too - positron emission
few neutrons:
can decay by... Are produced using a cyclotron
24. Basic Science Using oscillating magnetic field to accelerate positively
Cyclotron charged particles, which are fired at target material
25. Basic Science Basis for PET scanning
Positron emis-
sion
26. Basic Science Both ionising electromagnetic radiation
Xrays and gam-
ma rays are Only difference:
both________.
, NUCLEAR MEDICINE BOARD EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS AND STUDY
GUIDE 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DE
TAILED ANSWERS
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fykiya
- xray originate from electron shells of atom
Only difference: - gamma rays originate from nucleus of atom
27. Basic Science - Given large number of atoms the chance that one will
Exponential De- decay in any time period is governed by laws of probability
cay
At = A0.e (- (upside down V)t)
A0 = Initial activity
At = activity after time t
upside down V = decay constant for particular isotope
28. Basic Science Time taken fro activity of radioactive element to fall to one
Radioactive half its original value due to the process of radioactive
(physical) Half decay
life
29. Basic Science Slowed down and loose energy by interacting with:
Electrons pass- - orbital electrons (ionisation, excitation)
ing through mat- - electric field of nucleus (Bremsstrahlung)
ter are.....
30. Gamma Camera
Diagram
31. Gamma Camera - Perpendicular photons to strike crystal
Overview of cam- - Photon causes scintillation in crystal
era: Collimator - PM tube detects scintillation
only allows - Positional computer provide co-ordinates
- PHA (pulse height analysis) filters out all but primary
radiation
- ADC (analogue to digital converter) converts signals for
computer storage
- computer build up individual photons into an image
