Cardiovascular NCLEX-PN Actual
Exam-A Grade | 212 Questions &
Correct Answers
What are some possible diagnostic signs of myocarditis? - ✔✔Increased
ESR Increased myocardial enzymes --> Troponin & creatine kinase (CPK-MB)
What does the management of myocarditis consist of? - ✔✔Antibiotics (infectious causes)
Corticosteroids (inflammation)
Analgesics
Cardiovascular drugs to treat heart failure (if necessary)
Diuretics (if necessary)
Oxygen
What is endocarditis? - ✔✔Infection of endocardium, heart valves, or heart valve prosthesis
What causes endocarditis? - ✔✔Bacterial and fungal infections
Typically seeded in malformed/damaged heart valves or heart valve prosthesis
What is a potentially life-threatening complication of endocarditis? - ✔✔Formation
and embolization of vegetations
What are the most common causes of bacterial infections in endocarditis? - ✔✔Group
B strep
Staphylococcus areus
,What is the prognosis of endocarditis with proper treatment? - ✔✔Most recovery fully
What are typical findings with endocarditis? - ✔✔New or changed murmur (85% - 90%)
History of damage to heart valves (Rheumatic fever, murmur, heart valve prosthesis)
Fever, chills, night sweats with no identifiable cause of infection
Pericardial friction rub
Fatigue
Malaise
Anorexia
Neurologic sequelae of emboli
Petechiae of skin
Splinter hemorrhage of nails
Signs of infarction from emboli
What are some diagnostic findings with endocarditis? - ✔✔Elevated WBCs
Positive blood cultures
Elevated ESR
What will a transesophageal echocardiogram most likely show with endocarditis?
- ✔✔Vegetations on valves
What is the treatment of endocarditis? - ✔✔IV antibiotics for 6 weeks or until
infection resolves
Antipyretics
Oxygen
Surgery --> Valve replacement if heart failure ensues or if does not respond to antibiotics
,What will the recovered endocarditis patient need to do before dental work & invasive
procedures? - ✔✔Prophylactic antibiotics
What common infection can lead to rheumatic heart disease if not treated? - ✔✔Strep
throat
What are findings of rheumatic heart disease? - ✔✔History of strep throat
Polyarthritis
High fever with chills
Malaise
Heart problems --> SOB and chest pain
Chorea --> emotional instability, muscle weakness with jerky movements of face, feet, and
hands
Rash --> erythema marginatum (ring like or snake shaped rash on trunk and extremities)
Subcutaneous nodules
Fever to 104 F
Heart murmur
Pericardial friction rub
Are there any lab tests to confirm rheumatic fever? - ✔✔NO
What are some suggestive diagnostic findings with rheumatic endocarditis/rheumatic
heart disease? - ✔✔Elevated antistreptolysin O (ANO) titer
Increased ESR
Positive strep culture of throat
Increased WBC
, What is the management of rheumatic endocarditis/rheumatic heart disease? -
✔✔Analgesics
Oxygen
Continuous antibiotics to maintain blood levels
Surgery
What is the physiological consequence to blood flow of mitral stenosis? - ✔✔Blood
flow from left atrium to left ventricle impeded
What is the cause of most cases of mitral stenosis? - ✔✔Rheumatic fever
What are symptoms of MILD mitral stenosis? - ✔✔Asymptomatic heart murmur
What are symptoms of MODERATE - SEVERE mitral stenosis? - ✔✔Symptoms of L sided
heart failure from backup of blood -->
Heart murmur
Dyspnea on exertion
Cough
Orthopnea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Crackles to severe congestion in lungs
Weakness
Fatigue
Palpitations
Mild weight gain
What chambers of the heart can become enlarged due to mitral stenosis? - ✔✔Left
atrium Right ventricle
Exam-A Grade | 212 Questions &
Correct Answers
What are some possible diagnostic signs of myocarditis? - ✔✔Increased
ESR Increased myocardial enzymes --> Troponin & creatine kinase (CPK-MB)
What does the management of myocarditis consist of? - ✔✔Antibiotics (infectious causes)
Corticosteroids (inflammation)
Analgesics
Cardiovascular drugs to treat heart failure (if necessary)
Diuretics (if necessary)
Oxygen
What is endocarditis? - ✔✔Infection of endocardium, heart valves, or heart valve prosthesis
What causes endocarditis? - ✔✔Bacterial and fungal infections
Typically seeded in malformed/damaged heart valves or heart valve prosthesis
What is a potentially life-threatening complication of endocarditis? - ✔✔Formation
and embolization of vegetations
What are the most common causes of bacterial infections in endocarditis? - ✔✔Group
B strep
Staphylococcus areus
,What is the prognosis of endocarditis with proper treatment? - ✔✔Most recovery fully
What are typical findings with endocarditis? - ✔✔New or changed murmur (85% - 90%)
History of damage to heart valves (Rheumatic fever, murmur, heart valve prosthesis)
Fever, chills, night sweats with no identifiable cause of infection
Pericardial friction rub
Fatigue
Malaise
Anorexia
Neurologic sequelae of emboli
Petechiae of skin
Splinter hemorrhage of nails
Signs of infarction from emboli
What are some diagnostic findings with endocarditis? - ✔✔Elevated WBCs
Positive blood cultures
Elevated ESR
What will a transesophageal echocardiogram most likely show with endocarditis?
- ✔✔Vegetations on valves
What is the treatment of endocarditis? - ✔✔IV antibiotics for 6 weeks or until
infection resolves
Antipyretics
Oxygen
Surgery --> Valve replacement if heart failure ensues or if does not respond to antibiotics
,What will the recovered endocarditis patient need to do before dental work & invasive
procedures? - ✔✔Prophylactic antibiotics
What common infection can lead to rheumatic heart disease if not treated? - ✔✔Strep
throat
What are findings of rheumatic heart disease? - ✔✔History of strep throat
Polyarthritis
High fever with chills
Malaise
Heart problems --> SOB and chest pain
Chorea --> emotional instability, muscle weakness with jerky movements of face, feet, and
hands
Rash --> erythema marginatum (ring like or snake shaped rash on trunk and extremities)
Subcutaneous nodules
Fever to 104 F
Heart murmur
Pericardial friction rub
Are there any lab tests to confirm rheumatic fever? - ✔✔NO
What are some suggestive diagnostic findings with rheumatic endocarditis/rheumatic
heart disease? - ✔✔Elevated antistreptolysin O (ANO) titer
Increased ESR
Positive strep culture of throat
Increased WBC
, What is the management of rheumatic endocarditis/rheumatic heart disease? -
✔✔Analgesics
Oxygen
Continuous antibiotics to maintain blood levels
Surgery
What is the physiological consequence to blood flow of mitral stenosis? - ✔✔Blood
flow from left atrium to left ventricle impeded
What is the cause of most cases of mitral stenosis? - ✔✔Rheumatic fever
What are symptoms of MILD mitral stenosis? - ✔✔Asymptomatic heart murmur
What are symptoms of MODERATE - SEVERE mitral stenosis? - ✔✔Symptoms of L sided
heart failure from backup of blood -->
Heart murmur
Dyspnea on exertion
Cough
Orthopnea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Crackles to severe congestion in lungs
Weakness
Fatigue
Palpitations
Mild weight gain
What chambers of the heart can become enlarged due to mitral stenosis? - ✔✔Left
atrium Right ventricle
