MMSC491 Exam 1 Study Guide Solutions

MMSC491 Exam 1 Study Guide Solutions Epigenetic - ANSWER-Changes in phenotype Heritable Not due to changes in DNA sequence DNA methylation or histone modification Collective term for all different DNA molecules within a cell or organism - ANSWER-Genome DNA protein complex - ANSWER-Chromosome How many DNA molecules does a male have? female have? - ANSWER-Male 25 Female 24 Single ring based on carbon and nitrogen atoms C,T - ANSWER-Pyrimidine Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 2/15 Double ring structure A, G - ANSWER-Purine How many bonds holds together G-C - ANSWER-3 hydrogen bonds How many bonds hold together A-T - ANSWER-2 hydrogen bonds DNA replication - ANSWER-In preparation for new DNA synthesis before cell division each strand unwinds with helicase Both strands become available as templates for making complementary DNA strands that are synthesized 5' to 3' direction Semi-conservative One new strand (leading strand) can be synthesized continuously The lagging strand is synthesized in pieces known as Okzaki fragments Classical DNA dependent DNA polymerase - ANSWER-Standard DNA replication RNA dependent DNA polymerase - ANSWER-Genome evolution and telomere function Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 3/15 Use 1 of 2 DNA strands as a template for synthesizing an RNA copy - ANSWER-Transcription Sugars in DNA and RNA - ANSWER-Both are 5 carbon atoms Hydroxyl group at C2 in ribose H atom replaces hydroxyl group in deoxyribose ssDNA structure - ANSWER-Sugar phosphate backbone is asymmetrical because phosphate groups connect with carbon at 5' and a sugar with carbon at 3 hydroxyl group on the 3' end Protein- DNA complex (aids in fitting large DNA mol