©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 09:27AM
Biol 201: Cell Biology and Metabolism
Questions and Answers
what is metabolism? - Answers✓✓the science of energy conversion
when do organisms store energy? - Answers✓✓during growth (i.e. as cellulose or muscle
fibers)
about what percent of genome is genes for metabolism? - Answers✓✓20
what is the second law of thermodynamics? - Answers✓✓isolated system tends towards
disorder
the quality of energy depends on how much of it is "_______" - Answers✓✓free
what is the equation for Gibbs free energy? (energy available? - Answers✓✓G=H-TS
what is S in the free energy equation? - Answers✓✓entropy (disorder)
what is H in the free energy equation? - Answers✓✓enthalpy (total energy of the system)
what is the sign of G for an spontaneous procedure? - Answers✓✓negative
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 09:27AM
what makes the energy of individual molecules fluctuate? - Answers✓✓collisions with other
molecules
occasionally, the energy fluctuations of individual molecules push them over the
_______________________ - Answers✓✓activation energy
When _________ lower activation energy, they make it more probable that molecules will
reach that activation energy through fluctuation - Answers✓✓enzymes
______ binding distorts 3D structures of proteins which introduces strain energy into the
structure of the protein - Answers✓✓ATP
_____________ of the strain of ATP binding will smash the reactants together and the energy
there is enough to drive synthesis or will tear substrates apart depending on what the reaction is
- Answers✓✓relaxation
how is the substrate held in the substrate binding pocket? - Answers✓✓noncovalently
reduction is ___________ and election - Answers✓✓gaining
when glucose is converted into CO2 and H2O, it is being ____________ (burnt) -
Answers✓✓oxidized
We burn sugar and harvest its __________ (that's the energy we harvest out of food) -
Answers✓✓electrons
what is the main electron acceptor in metabolic redox reactions? - Answers✓✓NAD+
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 09:27AM
how is NAD+ reduced to NADH? - Answers✓✓acquiring an H+ and 2 e-
what is the second electron acceptor in metabolic redox reactions? - Answers✓✓FAD
how is FAD reduced to FADH2? - Answers✓✓by acquiring 2H+ and 2e-
when is FAD used as the electron receptor? - Answers✓✓when there is not enough energy to
reduce NAD+
__________ (an enzyme) positions NAD+ into position to be reduced, so when breakdown
happens, the electron goes firing right in NAD+ - Answers✓✓GADPH
why does the positioning of NAD+ need to be so precise? - Answers✓✓so the electron fired
doesn't hit an oxygen around it
what type of energy do we use as a baseline for cellular energy scales? - Answers✓✓thermal
energy
what is thermal energy? - Answers✓✓random kinetic energy of molecules colliding in solution
(random kinetic energy that comes from heat)
what is the equation describing the average kinetic energy of a particle? - Answers✓✓3/2kbT
(kb=Boltzmann's constant)
25/11/2024 09:27AM
Biol 201: Cell Biology and Metabolism
Questions and Answers
what is metabolism? - Answers✓✓the science of energy conversion
when do organisms store energy? - Answers✓✓during growth (i.e. as cellulose or muscle
fibers)
about what percent of genome is genes for metabolism? - Answers✓✓20
what is the second law of thermodynamics? - Answers✓✓isolated system tends towards
disorder
the quality of energy depends on how much of it is "_______" - Answers✓✓free
what is the equation for Gibbs free energy? (energy available? - Answers✓✓G=H-TS
what is S in the free energy equation? - Answers✓✓entropy (disorder)
what is H in the free energy equation? - Answers✓✓enthalpy (total energy of the system)
what is the sign of G for an spontaneous procedure? - Answers✓✓negative
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 09:27AM
what makes the energy of individual molecules fluctuate? - Answers✓✓collisions with other
molecules
occasionally, the energy fluctuations of individual molecules push them over the
_______________________ - Answers✓✓activation energy
When _________ lower activation energy, they make it more probable that molecules will
reach that activation energy through fluctuation - Answers✓✓enzymes
______ binding distorts 3D structures of proteins which introduces strain energy into the
structure of the protein - Answers✓✓ATP
_____________ of the strain of ATP binding will smash the reactants together and the energy
there is enough to drive synthesis or will tear substrates apart depending on what the reaction is
- Answers✓✓relaxation
how is the substrate held in the substrate binding pocket? - Answers✓✓noncovalently
reduction is ___________ and election - Answers✓✓gaining
when glucose is converted into CO2 and H2O, it is being ____________ (burnt) -
Answers✓✓oxidized
We burn sugar and harvest its __________ (that's the energy we harvest out of food) -
Answers✓✓electrons
what is the main electron acceptor in metabolic redox reactions? - Answers✓✓NAD+
, ©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 09:27AM
how is NAD+ reduced to NADH? - Answers✓✓acquiring an H+ and 2 e-
what is the second electron acceptor in metabolic redox reactions? - Answers✓✓FAD
how is FAD reduced to FADH2? - Answers✓✓by acquiring 2H+ and 2e-
when is FAD used as the electron receptor? - Answers✓✓when there is not enough energy to
reduce NAD+
__________ (an enzyme) positions NAD+ into position to be reduced, so when breakdown
happens, the electron goes firing right in NAD+ - Answers✓✓GADPH
why does the positioning of NAD+ need to be so precise? - Answers✓✓so the electron fired
doesn't hit an oxygen around it
what type of energy do we use as a baseline for cellular energy scales? - Answers✓✓thermal
energy
what is thermal energy? - Answers✓✓random kinetic energy of molecules colliding in solution
(random kinetic energy that comes from heat)
what is the equation describing the average kinetic energy of a particle? - Answers✓✓3/2kbT
(kb=Boltzmann's constant)
