Nagelhout Exam I UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Pharmacology - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of the effect of chemicals on living
tissue
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of the absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion of drugs (ADME)
Pharmaceutics - CORRECT ANSWER - the formulation and preparation of drugs (form,
dosing, etc)
Pharmacoeconomics - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of the economic impact of drugs
Toxicology - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of the harmful effects of chemicals
Pharmacognosy - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of the medicinal uses of naturally
occurring compounds (botox, digitalis, ephedrine)
Pharmacy - CORRECT ANSWER - the preparation and dispensing of drugs
Pharmacogenetics - CORRECT ANSWER - genetic influences by and on drugs
Pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER - physiological and biochemical mechanism
of action of drugs
Pharmacogenomics - CORRECT ANSWER - identifies discrete genetic differences among
individuals that play a critical role in drug response
,Pharmacoepidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of the use and effects of drugs
on large groups of people
Ligand - CORRECT ANSWER - a chemical substance that binds to a specific receptor
What two types of ligands are there? - CORRECT ANSWER - agonists and antagonists
What does an agonist do? - CORRECT ANSWER - binds to a receptor and
STIMULATES the function that receptor serves
What does an antagonist do? - CORRECT ANSWER - binds to a receptor and BLOCKS
the function that receptor serves
What is competitive binding? - CORRECT ANSWER - reversible (most drugs)
What is NONcompetitive binding? - CORRECT ANSWER - NONreversible (drug never
lets go)
What's an example of a noncompetitive drug binding? - CORRECT ANSWER - ASA
binding to a platelet
What is the effective dose in 50% of the population of a drug? - CORRECT ANSWER -
ED50
What is the toxic dose in 50% of the population? - CORRECT ANSWER - TD50
What is the lethal dose in 50% of the population? - CORRECT ANSWER - LD50
, What ratio describes the therapeutic index? - CORRECT ANSWER - LD50/ED50 (lethal
dose/effective dose)
What is the therapeutic window? - CORRECT ANSWER - an estimation of drug dosage
which can treat disease effectively, while staying within the safety range
What else can describe the therapeutic window? - CORRECT ANSWER - TD50/ED50
(toxic dose/effective dose)
Name the common chemical bonds in order of strongest to weakest - CORRECT
ANSWER - Covalent>Ionic>Hydrogen>Hydrophobic>Van der Waals
What are the four things that a dose response curve can tell you? - CORRECT ANSWER -
affinity (potency), efficacy, variability, and slope (VASE)
What term can be described by the continued stimulation of cells with agonists resulting in a
state of desensitization? - CORRECT ANSWER - down-regulation or refractoriness
What would you do to treat down-regulation? - CORRECT ANSWER - the patient would
need increasing doses to achieve the same effect
What happens when chronic administration of an antagonists causes the number and sensitivity
of receptors to increase as a response to chronic blockade? - CORRECT ANSWER - up-
regulation
What would need to be done in up-regulation to counteract the increasing number of receptors? -
CORRECT ANSWER - higher doses of antagonist required
What is bioavailability? - CORRECT ANSWER - the percentage of a drug contained in a
drug product that enters the systemic circulation in an unchanged form after administration of the
product
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Pharmacology - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of the effect of chemicals on living
tissue
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of the absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion of drugs (ADME)
Pharmaceutics - CORRECT ANSWER - the formulation and preparation of drugs (form,
dosing, etc)
Pharmacoeconomics - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of the economic impact of drugs
Toxicology - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of the harmful effects of chemicals
Pharmacognosy - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of the medicinal uses of naturally
occurring compounds (botox, digitalis, ephedrine)
Pharmacy - CORRECT ANSWER - the preparation and dispensing of drugs
Pharmacogenetics - CORRECT ANSWER - genetic influences by and on drugs
Pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER - physiological and biochemical mechanism
of action of drugs
Pharmacogenomics - CORRECT ANSWER - identifies discrete genetic differences among
individuals that play a critical role in drug response
,Pharmacoepidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of the use and effects of drugs
on large groups of people
Ligand - CORRECT ANSWER - a chemical substance that binds to a specific receptor
What two types of ligands are there? - CORRECT ANSWER - agonists and antagonists
What does an agonist do? - CORRECT ANSWER - binds to a receptor and
STIMULATES the function that receptor serves
What does an antagonist do? - CORRECT ANSWER - binds to a receptor and BLOCKS
the function that receptor serves
What is competitive binding? - CORRECT ANSWER - reversible (most drugs)
What is NONcompetitive binding? - CORRECT ANSWER - NONreversible (drug never
lets go)
What's an example of a noncompetitive drug binding? - CORRECT ANSWER - ASA
binding to a platelet
What is the effective dose in 50% of the population of a drug? - CORRECT ANSWER -
ED50
What is the toxic dose in 50% of the population? - CORRECT ANSWER - TD50
What is the lethal dose in 50% of the population? - CORRECT ANSWER - LD50
, What ratio describes the therapeutic index? - CORRECT ANSWER - LD50/ED50 (lethal
dose/effective dose)
What is the therapeutic window? - CORRECT ANSWER - an estimation of drug dosage
which can treat disease effectively, while staying within the safety range
What else can describe the therapeutic window? - CORRECT ANSWER - TD50/ED50
(toxic dose/effective dose)
Name the common chemical bonds in order of strongest to weakest - CORRECT
ANSWER - Covalent>Ionic>Hydrogen>Hydrophobic>Van der Waals
What are the four things that a dose response curve can tell you? - CORRECT ANSWER -
affinity (potency), efficacy, variability, and slope (VASE)
What term can be described by the continued stimulation of cells with agonists resulting in a
state of desensitization? - CORRECT ANSWER - down-regulation or refractoriness
What would you do to treat down-regulation? - CORRECT ANSWER - the patient would
need increasing doses to achieve the same effect
What happens when chronic administration of an antagonists causes the number and sensitivity
of receptors to increase as a response to chronic blockade? - CORRECT ANSWER - up-
regulation
What would need to be done in up-regulation to counteract the increasing number of receptors? -
CORRECT ANSWER - higher doses of antagonist required
What is bioavailability? - CORRECT ANSWER - the percentage of a drug contained in a
drug product that enters the systemic circulation in an unchanged form after administration of the
product
