Exam 1- Nagelhout ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Pharmacology - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of the effect of chemicals on living
tissue
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER - study of absorption, distribution, metabolism,
elimination of drugs
Pharmaceutics - CORRECT ANSWER - the formulation and preparation of drugs
Pharmacoeconomics - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of the economic impact of drugs
Toxicology - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of harmful effects of chemicals
Pharmacognosy - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of medicinal uses of naturally
occurring compounds
ex: botox, digitalis, atropine, opium
Pharmacy - CORRECT ANSWER - the preparation and dispensing of drugs
Pharmacogenetics - CORRECT ANSWER - genetic influences by and on drugs
Pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER - physiological and biochemical mechanism
of action of drugs on the body
Pharmacogenomics - CORRECT ANSWER - identifies discrete genetic differences among
individuals that play a critical role in drug response
,Pharmacoepidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of the use and effects of drugs
on large groups of people
What are the 3 general domains of pharmacology?
(p.6) - CORRECT ANSWER - - dose
- concentration
- effect
Pharmacokinetics is the _____ - _____ relationship. - CORRECT ANSWER - dose-
concentration relationship
Pharmacodynamics is the _____ - _______ relationship - CORRECT ANSWER -
concentration-effect relationship
The biophase is the _______ - _______ relationship - CORRECT ANSWER - plasma-
effect site relationship
- the link between PK and PD!
What are the safety issues unique to clinical anesthesia pharmacology? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1. very low TI drugs (high potency)
2. severe consequences for over/under dosing
3. necessity for frequently adjust level of drug effect
What are the efficiency issues unique to clinical anesthesia pharmacology? - CORRECT
ANSWER - need to produce quick onset and offset of drug effect
, Ligand - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical substance that binds to a specific receptor
stereospecifity - CORRECT ANSWER - 3D shape of drug and receptor that allows them
to bind
What are the 2 types of ligands and their definitions? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Agonists
- binds and STIMULATES the function of the receptor
ex: B-receptor on SA node, epi, NE stimulates
2. Antagonists
- bind to and BLOCKS the function of the receptor
What are the 2 types of antagonist binding? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. competitive =
reversible (most drugs!)
2. noncompetitive = nonreversible
ex: ASA
ED50 - CORRECT ANSWER - EFFECTIVE DOSE in 50% of the population
TD50 - CORRECT ANSWER - TOXIC DOSE in 50% of the population
LD50 - CORRECT ANSWER - LETHAL DOSE in 50% of the population
LD50/ED50 - CORRECT ANSWER - THERAPEUTIC INDEX!
- want high TI
and CORRECT Answers
Pharmacology - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of the effect of chemicals on living
tissue
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER - study of absorption, distribution, metabolism,
elimination of drugs
Pharmaceutics - CORRECT ANSWER - the formulation and preparation of drugs
Pharmacoeconomics - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of the economic impact of drugs
Toxicology - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of harmful effects of chemicals
Pharmacognosy - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of medicinal uses of naturally
occurring compounds
ex: botox, digitalis, atropine, opium
Pharmacy - CORRECT ANSWER - the preparation and dispensing of drugs
Pharmacogenetics - CORRECT ANSWER - genetic influences by and on drugs
Pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER - physiological and biochemical mechanism
of action of drugs on the body
Pharmacogenomics - CORRECT ANSWER - identifies discrete genetic differences among
individuals that play a critical role in drug response
,Pharmacoepidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of the use and effects of drugs
on large groups of people
What are the 3 general domains of pharmacology?
(p.6) - CORRECT ANSWER - - dose
- concentration
- effect
Pharmacokinetics is the _____ - _____ relationship. - CORRECT ANSWER - dose-
concentration relationship
Pharmacodynamics is the _____ - _______ relationship - CORRECT ANSWER -
concentration-effect relationship
The biophase is the _______ - _______ relationship - CORRECT ANSWER - plasma-
effect site relationship
- the link between PK and PD!
What are the safety issues unique to clinical anesthesia pharmacology? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1. very low TI drugs (high potency)
2. severe consequences for over/under dosing
3. necessity for frequently adjust level of drug effect
What are the efficiency issues unique to clinical anesthesia pharmacology? - CORRECT
ANSWER - need to produce quick onset and offset of drug effect
, Ligand - CORRECT ANSWER - chemical substance that binds to a specific receptor
stereospecifity - CORRECT ANSWER - 3D shape of drug and receptor that allows them
to bind
What are the 2 types of ligands and their definitions? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Agonists
- binds and STIMULATES the function of the receptor
ex: B-receptor on SA node, epi, NE stimulates
2. Antagonists
- bind to and BLOCKS the function of the receptor
What are the 2 types of antagonist binding? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. competitive =
reversible (most drugs!)
2. noncompetitive = nonreversible
ex: ASA
ED50 - CORRECT ANSWER - EFFECTIVE DOSE in 50% of the population
TD50 - CORRECT ANSWER - TOXIC DOSE in 50% of the population
LD50 - CORRECT ANSWER - LETHAL DOSE in 50% of the population
LD50/ED50 - CORRECT ANSWER - THERAPEUTIC INDEX!
- want high TI
