2024 CHAMBERLAIN NR507 MIDTERM
EXAM WITH ANSWERS
Autoimmunity - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Can be familial: Affected family members
may not all develop the same disease, but several members may have different
disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions (autoimmune and
allergic reactions).
Alloimmunity - CORRECT ANSWERS- - General term used to describe when an
individual's immune system reacts against antigens on the tissues of other
members of the same species.
- Examples: Neonatal disease where the maternal immune system becomes
sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, Transplant rejection,
Transfusion reaction.
Type 4 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWERS- - T-cell mediated
- Lymphocytes
- Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes
- Delayed response
- Ex: localized contact dermatitis. Treated with a topical corticosteroid (wouldn't use
antihistamine since Type 4 doesn't involve mast cells and H1 receptors).
Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWERS- - "Allergic reaction"
- Mediated by IgE.
- Inflammation d/t mast cell degranulation.
- Hay fever, hives (uticaria).
- Local s/s: itching, rash.
, - Systemic: wheezing.
- Severe, systemic reaction: anaphylaxis: hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction.
- Main tx: epinephrine.
Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Cytotoxic reaction; tissue
specific
- Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
- Causes tissue damage or alters function
- Examples: 1) Grave's disease- example of altering thyroid function, doesn't
destroy thyroid tissue. 2) ABO incompatibility- example of cell/tissue damage;
severe transfusion reaction occurs & the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by
agglutination or complement-mediated lysis.
Difference between type 2 & 3 hypersensitivity reactions - CORRECT ANSWERS- -
Type 2: organ specific; antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface.
- Type 3: not organ specific; antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell
surface that was released into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then
deposited in the tissues.
Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Immune complex
- Antigen-antibody complex deposited in the tissues
- Neutrophils are the primary effector cell
- Causes autoimmune diseases
- Examples: rheumatoid arthritis (joints), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE,
organs)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Facial rash confined
to the cheeks (malar rash)
- Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- Photosensitivity (skin rash d/t sunlight exposure)
EXAM WITH ANSWERS
Autoimmunity - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Can be familial: Affected family members
may not all develop the same disease, but several members may have different
disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions (autoimmune and
allergic reactions).
Alloimmunity - CORRECT ANSWERS- - General term used to describe when an
individual's immune system reacts against antigens on the tissues of other
members of the same species.
- Examples: Neonatal disease where the maternal immune system becomes
sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, Transplant rejection,
Transfusion reaction.
Type 4 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWERS- - T-cell mediated
- Lymphocytes
- Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes
- Delayed response
- Ex: localized contact dermatitis. Treated with a topical corticosteroid (wouldn't use
antihistamine since Type 4 doesn't involve mast cells and H1 receptors).
Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWERS- - "Allergic reaction"
- Mediated by IgE.
- Inflammation d/t mast cell degranulation.
- Hay fever, hives (uticaria).
- Local s/s: itching, rash.
, - Systemic: wheezing.
- Severe, systemic reaction: anaphylaxis: hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction.
- Main tx: epinephrine.
Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Cytotoxic reaction; tissue
specific
- Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
- Causes tissue damage or alters function
- Examples: 1) Grave's disease- example of altering thyroid function, doesn't
destroy thyroid tissue. 2) ABO incompatibility- example of cell/tissue damage;
severe transfusion reaction occurs & the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by
agglutination or complement-mediated lysis.
Difference between type 2 & 3 hypersensitivity reactions - CORRECT ANSWERS- -
Type 2: organ specific; antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface.
- Type 3: not organ specific; antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell
surface that was released into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then
deposited in the tissues.
Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Immune complex
- Antigen-antibody complex deposited in the tissues
- Neutrophils are the primary effector cell
- Causes autoimmune diseases
- Examples: rheumatoid arthritis (joints), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE,
organs)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - CORRECT ANSWERS- - Facial rash confined
to the cheeks (malar rash)
- Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- Photosensitivity (skin rash d/t sunlight exposure)
