MTBC Exam

Adventitious - answer-Not present at birth Aeolian - answer-the natural minor scale Sounds Sad Affective domain - answer-focuses primarily on moods and emotions Alternative and Augmentative Communication system (AAC) - answer-Products or methods used to aid communication for persons with disorders of speech, language, or writing. They can dance from pointing at pictures to using sophisticated electronic equipment amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - answer-A terminal, progressive disease of the motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal chord that eventually leads to muscular paralysis. anticipatory grief - answer-The emotional reaction that a client may experience before an impending loss Aphasia - answer-speech disorder; Impaired ability to use or understand oral language APIE - answer-Assessment Plan Intervention Evaluation Appropriation - answer-usually refers to taking on as one's own an action or a behavior that belongs to or is demonstrated by an outside source, such as appropriating a style of music from another culture. Arousal - answer-the physiological and psychological state of being awake or reactive to stimuli. Arthritis - answer-An affliction in which joints become inflamed or begin to deteriorate ASD comprehension of directions - answer-Studies with this population have shown they can better process sung direction rather than verbal directions. Association through contiguity - answer-The association of two separate events due to temporal proximity Ataxia - answer-muscle movement difficulty Atherosclerosis - answer-A disease affecting the arterial blood vessels. It is the name of a process in which fatty substances are deposited on the inner lining of the arteries and over time build up, causing a stroke or heart attack Atlantoaxial instability - answer-a type of misalignment of the upper spinal column that is often found in people with Down syndrome auditory discrimination - answer-Identifying directionality Ex: A music therapist asks a client to close her eyes, presents a musical tone, and asks the client which direction the sound is coming from. Auditory motor matching - answer-the degree to which movement to music is correctly imitated. Auditory sensitivity - answer-a measure of the client's response to sound intensity levels. Auditory sequencing - answer-the ability to put tones in the correct order Baroque Era - answer-; Bach, Purcell, Handel Baseline data - answer-what the client is currently able to do at the time of assessment. Bb instruments - answer-major 2nd down: Clarinet, Bass Clarinet, Soprano Saxophone, Tenor Saxophone, Trumpet, Baritone T.C. (Written D will be concert C) Beat competency - answer-The ability to follow and maintain a simple beat Behavioral - answer-assumes that changes in a person's behavior will affect changes in other areas of their functioning. Being accessible - answer-being available to the client directly and indirectly. Being authentic - answer-being open and experiencing the session in the moment with the client. This enhances the therapeutic relationship by allowing the client to feel that they can trust the therapist to be present, genuine, or congruent. Being reflective - answer-implies that a music therapist is able to restate and clarify the content of the session in order to further therapeutic progress. bilingual-bicultural approach to language learning - answer-A method in which a child learns American Sign Language as his/her primary language, but is taught English as a second language so that the child can ultimately use both languages and socialize in both Deaf and hearing cultures. Catatonic behavior - answer-Marked abnormal in motor behavior, such as long periods of remaining in the same position without moving Catharsis - answer-emotional release central hearing loss - answer-Hearing loss due to damage to or impairment of the brain or central nervous system cerebrovascular accident (CVA) - answer-Occurs when blood flow to the brain is restricted, sometimes due to a ruptured cerebral blood vessel. The resulting lack of oxygen to brain cells can cause permanent damage or death. Also known as a stroke Chaining - answer-the procedure of two or more processes being joined together systematically, one at a time. the ability to learn a complex task by connecting simple tasks in a sequence instead of exposure to complex task all at once. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - answer-A disease in which air sacs of the lungs lose their elasticity and become overly porous, which can result in dyspnea, fatigue, and eventually lead to death Classical Era - answer-; Mozart, Schubert, Haydn, Clementi, Beethoven Cognitive - answer-identification & problem-solving Cognitive behavior modification - answer-A behavior modification technique that includes self-reinforcement and self-evaluation Cognitive Behavioral - answer-How thinking affects behavior Complicated grief - answer-a pervasive and often debilitating period of bereavement. concrete operations - answer-7yo-11yo: ability to think logically, as long as it is in their realm of reality; personal achievement & mastery of musical skills Conductive hearing loss - answer-Hearing loss caused by disease or obstruction in the outer or middle ear. Continuous - answer-observing or noting all target behaviors throughout the observation time period. Current Procedural Terminology® (CPT). - answer-provides numeric codes for the services that are provided. Divided Attention - answer-Focusing one's spotlight of awareness on more than one task at a time Dominant - answer-fifth scale degree Dorian - answer-Very similar to the modern natural minor scale. The only difference is in the sixth note, which is a major sixth above the first note, rather than a minor sixth. Sounds sad but hopeful Duration - answer-measuring the length of time a client engages (or does not engage) in a target behavior during the observation period. Dysarthria - answer-Speech problems because of muscle weakness Dysphagia - answer-inability to swallow Dyspnea - answer-Shortness of breath Dyspraxia - answer-Disturbance in the sequence of spoken language resulting from decreased ability to plan and position the muscles involved in word articulation Eb Instruments - answer-Up a minor 3rd: Soprano Clarinet, Alto Clarinet, Alto Saxophone, Baritone Saxophone (Written A will be concert C) Emergent - answer-A research design common in qualitative research in which it is not necessary for all the research steps to be spelled out before the research begins Encephalitis - answer-Swelling or infection of the brain Episodic memory - answer-the memory of autobiographical events. Errorless learning - answer-a procedure that structures the learning without any errors. Event - answer-involves counting the number of times a target behavior occurs during the observation period. Existential - answer-focuses on recognizing passive acceptance and taking conscious control of one's own life. Explicit memory - answer-conscious recall such as for semantic or episodic memory. Extramusical associations - answer-Instances in which music produces thoughts, feelings, and sensations about things other than the music itself; for example, when a trumpet call is recognized as a symbol for victory in battle. F Instruments - answer-Down a perfect 5th (7 half steps): English Horn, French Horn (written G will be concert C) Fading - answer-the gradual removal of explicit prompts or cues in an attempt to maintain the behavior on its own. Fixed Ratio - answer-Scheduled reinforcement (not a method of measure) Flexion - answer-bending limb/joint formal operations - answer-11yo-adult: ability to think abstractly; refine their skills G Instruments - answer-Down a perfect 4th (5 half steps): Alto Flute (written F will be concert C) Glascow Coma Scale (GCS) - answer-A tool for assessment of comatose states that measures three features--eye movement, motor response to stimuli, and verbal response--according to severity Group contingencies - answer-a strong means of managing client behavior by using peer pressure to lead the group towards a common good, usually seen in young adult/adult groups. Gustatory - answer-relating to the sense of taste Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale - answer-a widely used and well-validated tool for measuring the severity of a patient's anxiety Hemiplegia - answer-paralysis of either the right or the left half of the body Holistic - answer-This theoretical model engages the whole person (emotional, mental, and physical). Humanistic - answer-Choices and express feelings/thoughts Ex: the client is allowed to make choices and express feelings and thoughts, and the therapist is providing feedback and support in an open and accepting manner while encouraging others to do the same.