NURSING MA278 Module 04 Case Study: Bone Tissue Exam with 100% verified2023

Part I— “Marissa” Questions 1. Describe bone tissue and the role each component plays in bone physiology and remodeling. What is the difference between compact and spongy bone? (2 points) Osteogenic cells are the stem cells that make other bone cells. Osteocytes are former osteoblasts that become trapped in matrix they deposited. They reside in tiny caves called lacunae that are connected together by narrow channels called canaliculi. Osteoblasts are the bone matrix forming cells. They synthesize soft organic matter of the bone matrix which stimulates the calcium to be brought into the bone matrix and eventually hardens together. External stress and fractures stimulate the production of the osteoblasts. Osteoclasts are bone matrix dissolving cells found on the outside of the bone matrix. They release an enzyme that breaks down the bone matrix, specifically the calcium phosphate salt that releases calcium into the blood stream. Compact bone is arranged in osteons and have no oppenings. Spongy bone is arranged in trabeculae and have many openings, the inside looks like a sponge. 2. Explain the relationship between calcium and bones. (1 point) The inorganic matter consists largely of a calcium-phosphate salt called hydroxyapatite, but also contains some calcium carbonate and random ions. 3. Explain how the body controls calcium levels in the bones and blood. Be sure to describe the roles of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin in detail. (2 points) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid gland. It increases blood calcium levels within the blood by stimulating increase activity of osteoclasts and decrease activity of osteoblasts. There are other mechanisms activated too such as: increasing vitamin D production, increasing absorption of calcium within intestinal tract and decreasing loss of calcium through the kidneys. Calcitonin is secreted by the thyroid hormone and will decreases blood calcium levels within the bl