©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
21/11/2024 1:31PM
SOCY 275 Exam Bank Questions With
Revised Answers
Group Conflict Theory - answers✔✔Vold argued that part of human nature is that people's
lives are a part, and a product, of their group associations; groups come into conflict with one
another due to conflicting and competitive interests
Social Reality of Crime - answers✔✔Quinney's conflict theory regarding the
interrelationships between power, society, and criminality
1. Definition of crime
- Crime is a definition of human conduct that is created by authorized agents in a politically
organized society
2. Formulation of Criminal definitions
- Criminal definitions describe behaviours that conflict with the interests of the segments of
society that have the power to shape public policy
3. Application of Criminal Definitions
- Criminal definitions are applied by segments of society that have the power to shape the
enforcement and administration of criminal law
4. Development of behaviour patterns in relation to criminal definitions
- Behaviour patterns are structured in segmentally organized society in relation to criminal
definitions and within this context persons engage in actions that have relative probabilities
of being defined as criminal
5. Construction of criminal conceptions
- Conceptions of crime are constructed and diffused in the segments of society by various
means of communication
6. The Social Reality of Crime
, ©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
21/11/2024 1:31PM
- The social reality of crime is constructed by the formulation and application of criminal
definitions, the development of behaviour patterns related to criminal definitions and the
construction of criminal conceptions
Theory of Criminalization (Turk) - answers✔✔A theory of how power groups achieve
authority and legitimacy in society
The role of different norm forms - answers✔✔1. Cultural norms
- associated with verbal formulations of values
-view of the authority (associated with the law as its enforced)
2. Social norms
- associated with actual behaviour patterns
- view of the authority (associated with the law as its enforced)
Other factors impacting the likelihood of conflict - answers✔✔1. organization
- Makes the assumption that the authorities or people with power will be organized otherwise
they wouldn't be in power
- Conflict is more likely to take place when the subjects are organized
2. Sophistication
- the knowledge of patterns in the behaviour of other people
- Conflicts are more likely when either the subject or the authorities are less sophisticated
3. The issue of enforcers
- Front Line vs. High Level, Front Line (police officers), High Level (judges)
- When there is agreement between these 2 levels of enforcement there's less likely to be
conflict
- If these 2 levels come from different status locations or class locations there can be conflict
4. The Importance of Relative Power
- Between the enforcers and the resistors so the resistors are the people were applying the to.
, ©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
21/11/2024 1:31PM
- in general enforcement is more likely to take place when the enforcer has great power and
the resistor has virtually no power
Radical Conflict Theory (Quinney) - answers✔✔The classic conflict between those who own
the means of production and those who sell their labour power
After the capitalist deducts expenses, of which wages are one type, from the value of the
product they are left with its surplus value which is retained for themselves
The factors that radical conflict require to work successfully - answers✔✔Ideology:
- Set of ideas or beliefs that govern peoples lives. In this case it will be about maintaining the
capitalist system
Superstructure:
- The organizations or institutions that people erect to implement these ideas
What are the number of different types of crime that Quinney identifies - answers✔✔1.
Crime of Domination
- These essentially are going to be crimes that are committed by the state or by agents of the
state
-They could be felonies or misdemeanors that law enforcement agent might carry out in the
name of the law against other people
-Quinney argues that underlying all of these capitalist crimes is going to be the appropriation
of the surplus values that's created by labor
2. Crimes of Accommodation
- Crimes that are going to be carried out by the proletariat and perhaps the lumpenproletariat
- Those are going to be those who are extremely economically marginal who may not be
working
- These types of offenses are apolitical, essentially they're going to be individualistic reactions
to the forces of capitalist production
3. Crime of Resistance
- Talking about actions that are carried out within the workplace
- These might be thing where a person steals from the workplace
21/11/2024 1:31PM
SOCY 275 Exam Bank Questions With
Revised Answers
Group Conflict Theory - answers✔✔Vold argued that part of human nature is that people's
lives are a part, and a product, of their group associations; groups come into conflict with one
another due to conflicting and competitive interests
Social Reality of Crime - answers✔✔Quinney's conflict theory regarding the
interrelationships between power, society, and criminality
1. Definition of crime
- Crime is a definition of human conduct that is created by authorized agents in a politically
organized society
2. Formulation of Criminal definitions
- Criminal definitions describe behaviours that conflict with the interests of the segments of
society that have the power to shape public policy
3. Application of Criminal Definitions
- Criminal definitions are applied by segments of society that have the power to shape the
enforcement and administration of criminal law
4. Development of behaviour patterns in relation to criminal definitions
- Behaviour patterns are structured in segmentally organized society in relation to criminal
definitions and within this context persons engage in actions that have relative probabilities
of being defined as criminal
5. Construction of criminal conceptions
- Conceptions of crime are constructed and diffused in the segments of society by various
means of communication
6. The Social Reality of Crime
, ©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
21/11/2024 1:31PM
- The social reality of crime is constructed by the formulation and application of criminal
definitions, the development of behaviour patterns related to criminal definitions and the
construction of criminal conceptions
Theory of Criminalization (Turk) - answers✔✔A theory of how power groups achieve
authority and legitimacy in society
The role of different norm forms - answers✔✔1. Cultural norms
- associated with verbal formulations of values
-view of the authority (associated with the law as its enforced)
2. Social norms
- associated with actual behaviour patterns
- view of the authority (associated with the law as its enforced)
Other factors impacting the likelihood of conflict - answers✔✔1. organization
- Makes the assumption that the authorities or people with power will be organized otherwise
they wouldn't be in power
- Conflict is more likely to take place when the subjects are organized
2. Sophistication
- the knowledge of patterns in the behaviour of other people
- Conflicts are more likely when either the subject or the authorities are less sophisticated
3. The issue of enforcers
- Front Line vs. High Level, Front Line (police officers), High Level (judges)
- When there is agreement between these 2 levels of enforcement there's less likely to be
conflict
- If these 2 levels come from different status locations or class locations there can be conflict
4. The Importance of Relative Power
- Between the enforcers and the resistors so the resistors are the people were applying the to.
, ©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
21/11/2024 1:31PM
- in general enforcement is more likely to take place when the enforcer has great power and
the resistor has virtually no power
Radical Conflict Theory (Quinney) - answers✔✔The classic conflict between those who own
the means of production and those who sell their labour power
After the capitalist deducts expenses, of which wages are one type, from the value of the
product they are left with its surplus value which is retained for themselves
The factors that radical conflict require to work successfully - answers✔✔Ideology:
- Set of ideas or beliefs that govern peoples lives. In this case it will be about maintaining the
capitalist system
Superstructure:
- The organizations or institutions that people erect to implement these ideas
What are the number of different types of crime that Quinney identifies - answers✔✔1.
Crime of Domination
- These essentially are going to be crimes that are committed by the state or by agents of the
state
-They could be felonies or misdemeanors that law enforcement agent might carry out in the
name of the law against other people
-Quinney argues that underlying all of these capitalist crimes is going to be the appropriation
of the surplus values that's created by labor
2. Crimes of Accommodation
- Crimes that are going to be carried out by the proletariat and perhaps the lumpenproletariat
- Those are going to be those who are extremely economically marginal who may not be
working
- These types of offenses are apolitical, essentially they're going to be individualistic reactions
to the forces of capitalist production
3. Crime of Resistance
- Talking about actions that are carried out within the workplace
- These might be thing where a person steals from the workplace
