Biomechanics Exam 1
1) Clinical: biomechanics of the individual (ADLs)
2) Occupational (Ergonomics): biomechanics of the workplace (job).
- Ergonomics reduce the risk of injury, they are *proactive*
- Occupational: redesign environment when ergonomist fails, they are *reactive*
3) Space
4) Animal
5) Geriatrics
6) Gait: focused on walking--moving from 1 place to another
7) Sport - Answer-What are the 7 types of biomechanics?
*1)* the mechanical goal of a movement. ex, what're you trying to do?
*2)* how changing circumstances influence movement. ex, weather
*3)* the importance of particular movement patterns
*4)* how forces influence movement
*5)* how forces cause injury (when force exceeds tolerance of the tissue)
*6)* how movements should be done to optimize performance and avoid injury
,*7)* how to design training programs that enable return to participation & the optimization of
performance
*8)* how to design equipment that prevents injury & optimizes performance - Answer-Biomechanics
may help you understand...? (8)
∙ *Qualitative:*
- non-numeric
- direct visual observation
- videotape
- kinematic (temporal, spatial)
∙ *Quantitative:*
- kinematic (temporal, spatial)
- kinetic (force)
*qualitative uses ONLY kinematic analysis, quantitative uses both kinematic & kinetic* - Answer-Types
of Biomechanical Analysis: Qualitative vs. Quantitative
∙ *Statics:*
- *description (effect) of movement*
- not accelerating
- objects at rest > a=0 (studied *only* kinetically)
- objects with constant speed > a=0 (studied kinetically *and/or* kinematically)
∙ *Dynamics:*
- *cause of movement*
- accelerating
- dynamics can be studied both kinematically AND kinetically
, - Ex. Dynamics Question: A 1 kg ball is thrown up vertically and reaches a height of 5m before returning.
What is the initial force required to to achieve this? - Answer-Statics vs. Dynamics
True.
- because *kinematics* is the description of *motion*, objects at rest CANNOT be studied kinematically.
- (review chart on pg 5 of first slides) - Answer-[T/F]
objects at *rest* are only studied kinetically.
∙ the description of motion (without considering what caused the motion0
∙ an examination of the *effect of force*
∙ tells you *what happened*, not why it happened
∙ analysis is temporal (time) and/or spatial (location/position)
∙ Ex. Kinematic Problem: A ball is thrown up vertically with a speed of 10 m/s. What will the maximum
height it will reach be before falling back? - Answer-Kinematics
1) comparing movements (ex. speed, velocity, accel)
2) breaking skills down into manageable parts)
3) answering questions such as how fast, how high, how far, etc - Answer-What is Kinematics useful for?
(3)
1) position
2) angle (ex. what is the knee angle)
3) distance
4) displacement
5) speed
6) velocity
1) Clinical: biomechanics of the individual (ADLs)
2) Occupational (Ergonomics): biomechanics of the workplace (job).
- Ergonomics reduce the risk of injury, they are *proactive*
- Occupational: redesign environment when ergonomist fails, they are *reactive*
3) Space
4) Animal
5) Geriatrics
6) Gait: focused on walking--moving from 1 place to another
7) Sport - Answer-What are the 7 types of biomechanics?
*1)* the mechanical goal of a movement. ex, what're you trying to do?
*2)* how changing circumstances influence movement. ex, weather
*3)* the importance of particular movement patterns
*4)* how forces influence movement
*5)* how forces cause injury (when force exceeds tolerance of the tissue)
*6)* how movements should be done to optimize performance and avoid injury
,*7)* how to design training programs that enable return to participation & the optimization of
performance
*8)* how to design equipment that prevents injury & optimizes performance - Answer-Biomechanics
may help you understand...? (8)
∙ *Qualitative:*
- non-numeric
- direct visual observation
- videotape
- kinematic (temporal, spatial)
∙ *Quantitative:*
- kinematic (temporal, spatial)
- kinetic (force)
*qualitative uses ONLY kinematic analysis, quantitative uses both kinematic & kinetic* - Answer-Types
of Biomechanical Analysis: Qualitative vs. Quantitative
∙ *Statics:*
- *description (effect) of movement*
- not accelerating
- objects at rest > a=0 (studied *only* kinetically)
- objects with constant speed > a=0 (studied kinetically *and/or* kinematically)
∙ *Dynamics:*
- *cause of movement*
- accelerating
- dynamics can be studied both kinematically AND kinetically
, - Ex. Dynamics Question: A 1 kg ball is thrown up vertically and reaches a height of 5m before returning.
What is the initial force required to to achieve this? - Answer-Statics vs. Dynamics
True.
- because *kinematics* is the description of *motion*, objects at rest CANNOT be studied kinematically.
- (review chart on pg 5 of first slides) - Answer-[T/F]
objects at *rest* are only studied kinetically.
∙ the description of motion (without considering what caused the motion0
∙ an examination of the *effect of force*
∙ tells you *what happened*, not why it happened
∙ analysis is temporal (time) and/or spatial (location/position)
∙ Ex. Kinematic Problem: A ball is thrown up vertically with a speed of 10 m/s. What will the maximum
height it will reach be before falling back? - Answer-Kinematics
1) comparing movements (ex. speed, velocity, accel)
2) breaking skills down into manageable parts)
3) answering questions such as how fast, how high, how far, etc - Answer-What is Kinematics useful for?
(3)
1) position
2) angle (ex. what is the knee angle)
3) distance
4) displacement
5) speed
6) velocity
