©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
Nut1304 MODULE 1,2 Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
What is nutrition? - answer✔is a science that studies all the interactions that occur between
living organisms and food.
Food provides ___ and ___ - answer✔nutrients and energy, which are needed to keep us alive
and healthy, to support growth, and to allow reproduction
Nutrients - answer✔Chemical substances in foods that provide energy and structure and help
regulate body processes
Processed foods - answer✔Foods that have been specially treated or
changed from their natural state
1 in 3 kids and 2 in 3 adults are _____ - answer✔overweight or obese
1 in 5 adults live with chronic diseases like ____ - answer✔heart disease, cancer, and/or
diabetes
Only 1 in 3 Canadians eat enough ____ - answer✔veggies and fruit
chronic disease - answer✔Non- communicable diseases that develop slowly over a lifetime and
need continuing medical attention to manage and control
Canadian Community Health Survey - answer✔This is a comprehensive survey of health-related
issues, including the eating habits of Canadians, that was begun in 2000 and continues to
collect data annually. Results ofthis survey will be presented throughout this textbook.
essential nutrients - answer✔Nutrients that must be provided in the diet
because the body either cannot make them or cannot make them in sufficient quantities to
satisfy its needs.
six classes of nutrients - answer✔carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals
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, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
fortified foods - answer✔Foods to which one or more nutrients havebeen added, typically to
replace nutrient losses during processing or to prevent known inadequacies in the Canadian
diet.
natural health products - answer✔Natural health productsare a category of products regulated
by Health Canada that include vitamin and mineral supplements, amino acids,fatty acids,
probiotics, herbal remedies, and homeopathic and other traditional medicines. They occupy a
middle ground between food and drugs.
phytochemicals - answer✔Substances found in plant foods (phyto means plant) that are not
essential nutrients but may have health- promoting properties.
zoochemical - answer✔Substances found in animal foods (zoo means animal) that are not
essential nutrients but may have health- promoting properties.
energy-yielding nutrients - answer✔Nutrients that can be metabolized to provide energy in the
body.
macronutrients - answer✔Nutrients needed by the body in large amounts. These include water
and the energy-yielding nutrients: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
micronutrients - answer✔Nutrients needed by the body in small amounts. These include
vitamins and minerals.
Carbohydrates - answer✔provide a readily available source of energy to the body. They contain
four kcalories per gram (Table 1.1). Carbohydrates include sugars such as those in table sugar,
fruit, and milk, and starches such as those in vegetables and grains. Sugars are the simplest
form of carbohydrate, and starches are more complex carbohydrates made of many sugars
linked together (Figure 1.5). Most fibre is also carbohydrate, and cannot be digested, and
therefore provides very little energy. However, it is important for gastrointes- tinal health. Fibre
is found in vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole grains
Lipids - answer✔commonly called fats and oils, provide nine kcalories per gram. They are a
concen- trated source of energy in food and a lightweight storage form of energy in the body.
There are several types of lipids that are important in nutrition. Triglycerides are the type that is
most abundant in foods and in the body. The fat on the outside of a steak, the butter and oil
that is added to food during cooking, and the layer of fat under a person's skin are all
comprised almost entirely of triglycerides. Triglycerides are made up of fatty acids (see Figure
1.5). Differ- ent types of fatty acids have different health effects. Diets high in saturated fatty
acids increase the risk of heart disease whereas those high in monounsaturated and
2|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
polyunsaturated fatty acids may reduce risks. Cholesterol is another type of lipid; high levels in
the blood can increase heart disease risk. Lipids are discussed in detail in Chapter 5.
Protein - answer✔is needed for growth and maintenance of body structures and regulation of
body processes. It can also be used to provide energy—four kcalories per gram. Meat, fish,
poultry, milk, grains, vegetables, and legumes all provide protein. Like carbohydrate and lipid,
protein is not a single substance. There are thousands of different proteins in the human body
and in the diet. All of these are made up of units called amino acids. Different combinations of
amino acids are linked together to form different types of proteins (see Figure 1.5). Some
amino acids can be made by the body, and others are essential in the diet. The proteins in
animal products better match our need for amino acids than do plant proteins, but both plant
and animal proteins can provide all the amino acids we need.
organic molecules - answer✔Those containing carbon bonded to hydrogen.
inorganic molecules - answer✔Those containing no carbon-hydrogen bonds.
kilocalorie (kcalorie, kcal) - answer✔The unit of heat that is used to express the amount of
energy provided by foods. It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1
kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius (1 kcalorie = 4.18 kjoules).
kilojoule (kjoule, kJ) - answer✔A unit of work that can be used to express energy intake and
energy output. It is the amount of work required to move an object weighing one kilogram a
distance of 1 metre under the force of gravity
(4.18 kjoules = 1 kcalorie).
legumes - answer✔The starchy seeds of plants belonging to the pea family; includes peas,
peanuts, beans, soybeans, and lentils.
Water - answer✔is a nutrient in a class by itself. It is a macronutrient that does not provide
energy. Water makes up about 60% of the human body by weight and is required in kilogram
amounts in the daily diet. Water serves many functions in the body, including acting as a
lubricant, a transport fluid, and a regulator of body temperature
Minerals - answer✔are inorganic molecules. Like vitamins they do not provide energy. Many
have regulatory roles and some are important structurally. They are needed for bone strength,
the transport of oxygen, the transmission of nerve impulses, and numerous other functions.
Requirements have been established for many of the minerals, but some are required in such
small amounts that their role in maintaining health is still not fully understood.
3|Page
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
Nut1304 MODULE 1,2 Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
What is nutrition? - answer✔is a science that studies all the interactions that occur between
living organisms and food.
Food provides ___ and ___ - answer✔nutrients and energy, which are needed to keep us alive
and healthy, to support growth, and to allow reproduction
Nutrients - answer✔Chemical substances in foods that provide energy and structure and help
regulate body processes
Processed foods - answer✔Foods that have been specially treated or
changed from their natural state
1 in 3 kids and 2 in 3 adults are _____ - answer✔overweight or obese
1 in 5 adults live with chronic diseases like ____ - answer✔heart disease, cancer, and/or
diabetes
Only 1 in 3 Canadians eat enough ____ - answer✔veggies and fruit
chronic disease - answer✔Non- communicable diseases that develop slowly over a lifetime and
need continuing medical attention to manage and control
Canadian Community Health Survey - answer✔This is a comprehensive survey of health-related
issues, including the eating habits of Canadians, that was begun in 2000 and continues to
collect data annually. Results ofthis survey will be presented throughout this textbook.
essential nutrients - answer✔Nutrients that must be provided in the diet
because the body either cannot make them or cannot make them in sufficient quantities to
satisfy its needs.
six classes of nutrients - answer✔carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals
1|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
fortified foods - answer✔Foods to which one or more nutrients havebeen added, typically to
replace nutrient losses during processing or to prevent known inadequacies in the Canadian
diet.
natural health products - answer✔Natural health productsare a category of products regulated
by Health Canada that include vitamin and mineral supplements, amino acids,fatty acids,
probiotics, herbal remedies, and homeopathic and other traditional medicines. They occupy a
middle ground between food and drugs.
phytochemicals - answer✔Substances found in plant foods (phyto means plant) that are not
essential nutrients but may have health- promoting properties.
zoochemical - answer✔Substances found in animal foods (zoo means animal) that are not
essential nutrients but may have health- promoting properties.
energy-yielding nutrients - answer✔Nutrients that can be metabolized to provide energy in the
body.
macronutrients - answer✔Nutrients needed by the body in large amounts. These include water
and the energy-yielding nutrients: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
micronutrients - answer✔Nutrients needed by the body in small amounts. These include
vitamins and minerals.
Carbohydrates - answer✔provide a readily available source of energy to the body. They contain
four kcalories per gram (Table 1.1). Carbohydrates include sugars such as those in table sugar,
fruit, and milk, and starches such as those in vegetables and grains. Sugars are the simplest
form of carbohydrate, and starches are more complex carbohydrates made of many sugars
linked together (Figure 1.5). Most fibre is also carbohydrate, and cannot be digested, and
therefore provides very little energy. However, it is important for gastrointes- tinal health. Fibre
is found in vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole grains
Lipids - answer✔commonly called fats and oils, provide nine kcalories per gram. They are a
concen- trated source of energy in food and a lightweight storage form of energy in the body.
There are several types of lipids that are important in nutrition. Triglycerides are the type that is
most abundant in foods and in the body. The fat on the outside of a steak, the butter and oil
that is added to food during cooking, and the layer of fat under a person's skin are all
comprised almost entirely of triglycerides. Triglycerides are made up of fatty acids (see Figure
1.5). Differ- ent types of fatty acids have different health effects. Diets high in saturated fatty
acids increase the risk of heart disease whereas those high in monounsaturated and
2|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
polyunsaturated fatty acids may reduce risks. Cholesterol is another type of lipid; high levels in
the blood can increase heart disease risk. Lipids are discussed in detail in Chapter 5.
Protein - answer✔is needed for growth and maintenance of body structures and regulation of
body processes. It can also be used to provide energy—four kcalories per gram. Meat, fish,
poultry, milk, grains, vegetables, and legumes all provide protein. Like carbohydrate and lipid,
protein is not a single substance. There are thousands of different proteins in the human body
and in the diet. All of these are made up of units called amino acids. Different combinations of
amino acids are linked together to form different types of proteins (see Figure 1.5). Some
amino acids can be made by the body, and others are essential in the diet. The proteins in
animal products better match our need for amino acids than do plant proteins, but both plant
and animal proteins can provide all the amino acids we need.
organic molecules - answer✔Those containing carbon bonded to hydrogen.
inorganic molecules - answer✔Those containing no carbon-hydrogen bonds.
kilocalorie (kcalorie, kcal) - answer✔The unit of heat that is used to express the amount of
energy provided by foods. It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1
kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius (1 kcalorie = 4.18 kjoules).
kilojoule (kjoule, kJ) - answer✔A unit of work that can be used to express energy intake and
energy output. It is the amount of work required to move an object weighing one kilogram a
distance of 1 metre under the force of gravity
(4.18 kjoules = 1 kcalorie).
legumes - answer✔The starchy seeds of plants belonging to the pea family; includes peas,
peanuts, beans, soybeans, and lentils.
Water - answer✔is a nutrient in a class by itself. It is a macronutrient that does not provide
energy. Water makes up about 60% of the human body by weight and is required in kilogram
amounts in the daily diet. Water serves many functions in the body, including acting as a
lubricant, a transport fluid, and a regulator of body temperature
Minerals - answer✔are inorganic molecules. Like vitamins they do not provide energy. Many
have regulatory roles and some are important structurally. They are needed for bone strength,
the transport of oxygen, the transmission of nerve impulses, and numerous other functions.
Requirements have been established for many of the minerals, but some are required in such
small amounts that their role in maintaining health is still not fully understood.
3|Page
