©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
Test 1 NU452 Exam Questions With Correct
Answers
Decision making - answer✔· the thought process of selecting a logical choice from the available
options
o complex, cognitive process often defined as choosing a particular course of action
o therefore doubt is present in all actions and choice is made to eliminate uncertainty not the
underlining problem
prescriptive - answer✔decisions that are made by policies and procedures - know what options
are and can easily make decisions
- Ex. person decided to handle a conflict when it occurred but did not attempt to identify the
real problem causing the conflict
· This may be done d/t lack of energy time or resources
Sometimes this is ok in circumstances where the situation/problem will no longer be of concern
so the energy and time are not needed to correct the issue
- Ex. Nursing supervisor notices that a nurse has been absent over past several months and is
informed they will be moving to a different state
Problem solving - answer✔· part of decision making and is a systematic process that focuses on
analyzing a difficult situation
o Always includes a decision-making process
o Interchangeable with decision-making - BUT difference:
§ decision making is the last step in the problem-solving process but, can make a decision
without full analysis of problem solving which attempts to identify the root problem in
situations
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, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
o requires much time and energy to identify the real problem
*Critical thinking* - answer✔- reflective thinking
· - the mental process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing,
and evaluating information to reach an answer or conclusion
o r/t evaluation and has a broader scope than decision making and problem solving and
commonly more complex
o involves reflecting on the meaning of statements, examining the offered evidence and
reasoning, and forming judgments about facts
*components of critical thinking* - answer✔Insight, Intuition, Empathy, willingness to take
action
(IIEW)
Clinical reasoning - answer✔· collaborative and reflective process that involves content-specific
knowledge, engagement of the patient and family in understanding the clinical problem, and
incorporation of critical contextual factors that lead to deliberative decision making and sound
clinical judgment
o When nurses integrate and apply different types of knowledge to weigh evidence, critically
think about arguments, and reflect on the process used to arrive at a diagnosis
o Uses both knowledge and experience
Things that help improve decision making and problem solving - answer✔· Case studies,
simulation, and problem-based learning (PBL)
Characteristics of a successful Decision Makers - answer✔self-aware
courageous
sensitive
energetic
creative
Characteristics of a Successful Decision Makers: Self-aware - answer✔· decreases confusion;
people who understand their personal beliefs and feelings will have a conscious awareness of
the values on which their decisions are based
o must be honest with themselves about their choices and their preferences for those choices
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, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
o also must take some risks - all decisions have element of risk and most decisions involve
consequences and accountability
Characteristics of a Successful Decision Makers: courageous - answer✔particularly important
and involves the willingness to take risks
Characteristics of a Successful Decision Makers: sensitive - answer✔Good decision makers seem
to have some sort of antenna that makes them particularly sensitive to situations and others
Characteristics of a Successful Decision Makers: energetic - answer✔People must have the
energy and desire to make things happen
- action-orientated
Characteristics of a Successful Decision Makers: creative - answer✔· Successful decision makers
tend to be creative thinkers. They develop new ways to solve problems
- innovative
seven Steps to the The *Traditional Problem-Solving Process* - answer✔o 1) Identify the
problem.
o 2)Gather data to identify the causes and consequences of the problem.
o 3) Explore alternative solutions.
o 4) Evaluate each alternative.
o 5) Select appropriate solution.
o 6) Implement solution.
o 7) Evaluate results.
*Traditional Problem-Solving Process weaknesses* - answer✔o Time for proper
implementation à less effective if time constraints*** takes a lot of time
o lack of an initial objective-setting step à may before sidetracked
· Used to address the weakness of the traditional problem-solving process --> added a
objective-setting step - answer✔*Managerial (rational) Decision-Making Model*
Six steps of *Managerial (rational) Decision-Making Model* - answer✔o 1) Determine the
decision and the desired outcome (set objectives).
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, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
§ identify the decision to be made, who needs to be involved in the decision process, the
timeline for the decision, and the goals that should be achieved
§ objective-setting helps problem solver to determine what should be weighted most heavily
o 2) Research and identify options.
o 3) Compare and contrast these options and their consequences.
§ Use SWOT - strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis
§ Uses decision grids - pros vs. cons
o 4) Make a decision.
o 5) Implement an action plan.
o 6) Evaluate results.
*Nursing Process: A Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Model* 5 steps - answer✔ADPIE
o 1) Assess- gather data
o 2) Diagnose - know what problem is
o 3) Plan - establish what you will do
o 4) Implement
5) Evaluate
*Nursing Process: A Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Model strengths* - answer✔multiple
venues for feedback
*Nursing Process: A Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Model weakness* - answer✔not
requiring clearly stated objectives
*The Integrated Ethical Problem-Solving Model six steps* - answer✔· Primary for ethical
problems, but also works with problem solving
Six Steps:
o 1) State the problem
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11/16/2024 10:16 AM
Test 1 NU452 Exam Questions With Correct
Answers
Decision making - answer✔· the thought process of selecting a logical choice from the available
options
o complex, cognitive process often defined as choosing a particular course of action
o therefore doubt is present in all actions and choice is made to eliminate uncertainty not the
underlining problem
prescriptive - answer✔decisions that are made by policies and procedures - know what options
are and can easily make decisions
- Ex. person decided to handle a conflict when it occurred but did not attempt to identify the
real problem causing the conflict
· This may be done d/t lack of energy time or resources
Sometimes this is ok in circumstances where the situation/problem will no longer be of concern
so the energy and time are not needed to correct the issue
- Ex. Nursing supervisor notices that a nurse has been absent over past several months and is
informed they will be moving to a different state
Problem solving - answer✔· part of decision making and is a systematic process that focuses on
analyzing a difficult situation
o Always includes a decision-making process
o Interchangeable with decision-making - BUT difference:
§ decision making is the last step in the problem-solving process but, can make a decision
without full analysis of problem solving which attempts to identify the root problem in
situations
1|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
o requires much time and energy to identify the real problem
*Critical thinking* - answer✔- reflective thinking
· - the mental process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing,
and evaluating information to reach an answer or conclusion
o r/t evaluation and has a broader scope than decision making and problem solving and
commonly more complex
o involves reflecting on the meaning of statements, examining the offered evidence and
reasoning, and forming judgments about facts
*components of critical thinking* - answer✔Insight, Intuition, Empathy, willingness to take
action
(IIEW)
Clinical reasoning - answer✔· collaborative and reflective process that involves content-specific
knowledge, engagement of the patient and family in understanding the clinical problem, and
incorporation of critical contextual factors that lead to deliberative decision making and sound
clinical judgment
o When nurses integrate and apply different types of knowledge to weigh evidence, critically
think about arguments, and reflect on the process used to arrive at a diagnosis
o Uses both knowledge and experience
Things that help improve decision making and problem solving - answer✔· Case studies,
simulation, and problem-based learning (PBL)
Characteristics of a successful Decision Makers - answer✔self-aware
courageous
sensitive
energetic
creative
Characteristics of a Successful Decision Makers: Self-aware - answer✔· decreases confusion;
people who understand their personal beliefs and feelings will have a conscious awareness of
the values on which their decisions are based
o must be honest with themselves about their choices and their preferences for those choices
2|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
o also must take some risks - all decisions have element of risk and most decisions involve
consequences and accountability
Characteristics of a Successful Decision Makers: courageous - answer✔particularly important
and involves the willingness to take risks
Characteristics of a Successful Decision Makers: sensitive - answer✔Good decision makers seem
to have some sort of antenna that makes them particularly sensitive to situations and others
Characteristics of a Successful Decision Makers: energetic - answer✔People must have the
energy and desire to make things happen
- action-orientated
Characteristics of a Successful Decision Makers: creative - answer✔· Successful decision makers
tend to be creative thinkers. They develop new ways to solve problems
- innovative
seven Steps to the The *Traditional Problem-Solving Process* - answer✔o 1) Identify the
problem.
o 2)Gather data to identify the causes and consequences of the problem.
o 3) Explore alternative solutions.
o 4) Evaluate each alternative.
o 5) Select appropriate solution.
o 6) Implement solution.
o 7) Evaluate results.
*Traditional Problem-Solving Process weaknesses* - answer✔o Time for proper
implementation à less effective if time constraints*** takes a lot of time
o lack of an initial objective-setting step à may before sidetracked
· Used to address the weakness of the traditional problem-solving process --> added a
objective-setting step - answer✔*Managerial (rational) Decision-Making Model*
Six steps of *Managerial (rational) Decision-Making Model* - answer✔o 1) Determine the
decision and the desired outcome (set objectives).
3|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
§ identify the decision to be made, who needs to be involved in the decision process, the
timeline for the decision, and the goals that should be achieved
§ objective-setting helps problem solver to determine what should be weighted most heavily
o 2) Research and identify options.
o 3) Compare and contrast these options and their consequences.
§ Use SWOT - strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis
§ Uses decision grids - pros vs. cons
o 4) Make a decision.
o 5) Implement an action plan.
o 6) Evaluate results.
*Nursing Process: A Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Model* 5 steps - answer✔ADPIE
o 1) Assess- gather data
o 2) Diagnose - know what problem is
o 3) Plan - establish what you will do
o 4) Implement
5) Evaluate
*Nursing Process: A Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Model strengths* - answer✔multiple
venues for feedback
*Nursing Process: A Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Model weakness* - answer✔not
requiring clearly stated objectives
*The Integrated Ethical Problem-Solving Model six steps* - answer✔· Primary for ethical
problems, but also works with problem solving
Six Steps:
o 1) State the problem
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