©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
MMG 301 Exam 3 Questions With Correct
Answers
When squids that contain luminescent bacterial symbionts hatch, they do NOT contain a
bacterial symbiont. Symbiont transmission in this symbiosis is - answer✔horizontal and involves
specific selection of the symbiont from the environment.
Aliivibrio fischeri symbionts benefit the Hawaiian bobtail squid by - answer✔mimicking the light
of the moon, which helps the squid avoid nocturnal predators
Termites are capable of digesting cellulose and hemicellulose due to the presence of
__________. - answer✔symbiotic bacteria in their gut.
Aphids that feed on carbohydrate-rich but nutrient-poor foods obtain ________ from their
endosymbiotic bacterial partners. - answer✔amino acids.
Bacterial fermenters themselves are a significant source of nutrition for ruminants, but not for
hindgut fermenters, because __________. - answer✔they pass through an acidic chamber and
are digested
The human microbiome contains all - answer✔organisms present in and on the body.
Obligate anaerobes are likely to be found in the __________. - answer✔colon
Symbionts can be acquired by an individual host organism horizontally (from the environment)
or vertically (from a parent). In humans, there is evidence that infants are largely colonized by
their parents' microbes, and family members living in the same household have microbiomes
that are more similar than those of individuals living nearby. However, no two humans have
identical microbiota, and certain factors, such as diet and antibiotics, can alter the microbiome.
This indicates that humans may be colonized by __________. - answer✔both vertical and
horizontal transmission
All microorganisms that live in the human body are harmful. - answer✔False.
All of the following are Gram-positive genera typically found on the skin EXCEPT __________. -
answer✔Bacteroides
1|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
When a child begins to get its first teeth, what happens to the microbiota in the oral cavity? -
answer✔The teeth are rapidly colonized by anaerobes, in particular Streptococcus, that are
specifically adapted to growth in biofilms on the surfaces of the teeth.
Extensive microbial growth in a thick bacterial layer on the teeth is called - answer✔dental
plaque.
Saliva contains relatively few microbes compared to other body sites, because __________. -
answer✔the concentration of antimicrobial enzymes limits their growth
The damaged areas of teeth caused by organic acids produced by dental plaque are called -
answer✔dental caries
Which of these microorganisms is most likely to be found in the human stomach? -
answer✔Helicobacter pylori
The human gastrointestinal tract includes all of the following EXCEPT the - answer✔epiglottis.
The most heavily colonized human organ by bacteria is the ________, containing 10111012
bacterial cells per gram. - answer✔large intestine
The ability of humans to resist a disease is called - answer✔immunity.
The bodys non-inducible, preexisting ability to recognize and destroy a variety of pathogens or
their products is called - answer✔innate immunity.
Pattern recognition receptors are most directly used - answer✔by phagocytes to detect
pathogens.
The primary function of a phagocyte is to - answer✔both engulf and destroy pathogens.
The unique antigen-reactive proteins of T cells are - answer✔T cell receptors.
MHC I proteins are found - answer✔on all nucleated cells.
Adaptive immune responses are directed at pathogen molecules called - answer✔antigens.
Which of the following presents processed antigens to T cells? - answer✔major
histocompatibility complex proteins
Which is an example of acquisition of natural passive immunity? - answer✔a fetus protected
from disease by its mothers antibodies
2|Page
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
MMG 301 Exam 3 Questions With Correct
Answers
When squids that contain luminescent bacterial symbionts hatch, they do NOT contain a
bacterial symbiont. Symbiont transmission in this symbiosis is - answer✔horizontal and involves
specific selection of the symbiont from the environment.
Aliivibrio fischeri symbionts benefit the Hawaiian bobtail squid by - answer✔mimicking the light
of the moon, which helps the squid avoid nocturnal predators
Termites are capable of digesting cellulose and hemicellulose due to the presence of
__________. - answer✔symbiotic bacteria in their gut.
Aphids that feed on carbohydrate-rich but nutrient-poor foods obtain ________ from their
endosymbiotic bacterial partners. - answer✔amino acids.
Bacterial fermenters themselves are a significant source of nutrition for ruminants, but not for
hindgut fermenters, because __________. - answer✔they pass through an acidic chamber and
are digested
The human microbiome contains all - answer✔organisms present in and on the body.
Obligate anaerobes are likely to be found in the __________. - answer✔colon
Symbionts can be acquired by an individual host organism horizontally (from the environment)
or vertically (from a parent). In humans, there is evidence that infants are largely colonized by
their parents' microbes, and family members living in the same household have microbiomes
that are more similar than those of individuals living nearby. However, no two humans have
identical microbiota, and certain factors, such as diet and antibiotics, can alter the microbiome.
This indicates that humans may be colonized by __________. - answer✔both vertical and
horizontal transmission
All microorganisms that live in the human body are harmful. - answer✔False.
All of the following are Gram-positive genera typically found on the skin EXCEPT __________. -
answer✔Bacteroides
1|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
When a child begins to get its first teeth, what happens to the microbiota in the oral cavity? -
answer✔The teeth are rapidly colonized by anaerobes, in particular Streptococcus, that are
specifically adapted to growth in biofilms on the surfaces of the teeth.
Extensive microbial growth in a thick bacterial layer on the teeth is called - answer✔dental
plaque.
Saliva contains relatively few microbes compared to other body sites, because __________. -
answer✔the concentration of antimicrobial enzymes limits their growth
The damaged areas of teeth caused by organic acids produced by dental plaque are called -
answer✔dental caries
Which of these microorganisms is most likely to be found in the human stomach? -
answer✔Helicobacter pylori
The human gastrointestinal tract includes all of the following EXCEPT the - answer✔epiglottis.
The most heavily colonized human organ by bacteria is the ________, containing 10111012
bacterial cells per gram. - answer✔large intestine
The ability of humans to resist a disease is called - answer✔immunity.
The bodys non-inducible, preexisting ability to recognize and destroy a variety of pathogens or
their products is called - answer✔innate immunity.
Pattern recognition receptors are most directly used - answer✔by phagocytes to detect
pathogens.
The primary function of a phagocyte is to - answer✔both engulf and destroy pathogens.
The unique antigen-reactive proteins of T cells are - answer✔T cell receptors.
MHC I proteins are found - answer✔on all nucleated cells.
Adaptive immune responses are directed at pathogen molecules called - answer✔antigens.
Which of the following presents processed antigens to T cells? - answer✔major
histocompatibility complex proteins
Which is an example of acquisition of natural passive immunity? - answer✔a fetus protected
from disease by its mothers antibodies
2|Page
