EEMB 7 Midterm 1
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1. Sources of Varia- Crossing over
tion Independent Assortment
Sexual Recombination (fusion)
Migration
2. Evolution change in gene frequencies (the amount of one specific
allele variant) in a population
3. Sufficient condi- 1. A population of individuals must show
tions for evolution variation for a trait (Genetics)
to occur 2. This trait variation is heritable (Genetics)
3. Different variants of this trait elicit differential fitness in
the population (Environment )
-If you have one trait, you might do better in an environ-
ment
4. Not everyone in a population survives and/or repro-
duces (limited resources) (Environment )
4. Mutation changes in the genotype (change the sequence of the
gene and resultant phenotype) due to errors in the repli-
cation process of that individual
5. Adaptation A trait that benefitted an organism in a particular environ-
ment (level: individual)
6. Maladaptive Traits identified traits that, in the long run, decrease in frequen-
cy because they're bad
7. Exaptive Traits starts off as relatively neutral but later becomes benefi-
cial and the environment changes
8. Fitness An organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a par-
ticular environment.
-determined by level of offspring
9. Hamson's Rule individuals may behave altruistically toward related indi-
viduals because it increases their inclusive fitness
-behaviors often motivated for survival and sex
10. Substitution
, EEMB 7 Midterm 1
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A mutation where one nucleotide is substituted for an-
other
-These mutations are the simplest and the least likely to
cause changes in the protein
11. Wobble when a substitution occurs in the 3rd codon (redundancy
area)
-If the substitution occurs in a wobble region, the amino
acid, and therefore the protein, will not change
12. Insertions and Mutations where large sequences are inserted (inser-
Deletions tion: add in a sequence) or removed (deletion: take out
a sequence) from a strand.
-More likely to be deleterious because of the frameshifts
that occur, breaking or altering downstream sequences.
13. Duplications When an entire gene gets duplicated
Can actually be beneficial: Can relax selection pressure
on that gene because there are now two copies:
-One can continue performing the assumed function
-One can freely mutate
14. Tandem duplica- duplication of a single gene on the same chromosome
tion
15. Transposition where the gene replication gets cut and moved else-
where
16. Gene Duplication where the entire genome replicates (2 genomes per-
forming the same function
17. Inversions A mutation event when one section is cut from a se-
quence, inverted and re-spliced
-Can be deleterious but can also function like a duplica-
tion if the inverted sequence is attached to a strand that
also contains the original sequence
18. Variation Events 2 are part of the process of gamete formation (Meiosis)
through Sexual -Crossing over
Reproduction -Independent Assortment
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fe4k1a
1. Sources of Varia- Crossing over
tion Independent Assortment
Sexual Recombination (fusion)
Migration
2. Evolution change in gene frequencies (the amount of one specific
allele variant) in a population
3. Sufficient condi- 1. A population of individuals must show
tions for evolution variation for a trait (Genetics)
to occur 2. This trait variation is heritable (Genetics)
3. Different variants of this trait elicit differential fitness in
the population (Environment )
-If you have one trait, you might do better in an environ-
ment
4. Not everyone in a population survives and/or repro-
duces (limited resources) (Environment )
4. Mutation changes in the genotype (change the sequence of the
gene and resultant phenotype) due to errors in the repli-
cation process of that individual
5. Adaptation A trait that benefitted an organism in a particular environ-
ment (level: individual)
6. Maladaptive Traits identified traits that, in the long run, decrease in frequen-
cy because they're bad
7. Exaptive Traits starts off as relatively neutral but later becomes benefi-
cial and the environment changes
8. Fitness An organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a par-
ticular environment.
-determined by level of offspring
9. Hamson's Rule individuals may behave altruistically toward related indi-
viduals because it increases their inclusive fitness
-behaviors often motivated for survival and sex
10. Substitution
, EEMB 7 Midterm 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fe4k1a
A mutation where one nucleotide is substituted for an-
other
-These mutations are the simplest and the least likely to
cause changes in the protein
11. Wobble when a substitution occurs in the 3rd codon (redundancy
area)
-If the substitution occurs in a wobble region, the amino
acid, and therefore the protein, will not change
12. Insertions and Mutations where large sequences are inserted (inser-
Deletions tion: add in a sequence) or removed (deletion: take out
a sequence) from a strand.
-More likely to be deleterious because of the frameshifts
that occur, breaking or altering downstream sequences.
13. Duplications When an entire gene gets duplicated
Can actually be beneficial: Can relax selection pressure
on that gene because there are now two copies:
-One can continue performing the assumed function
-One can freely mutate
14. Tandem duplica- duplication of a single gene on the same chromosome
tion
15. Transposition where the gene replication gets cut and moved else-
where
16. Gene Duplication where the entire genome replicates (2 genomes per-
forming the same function
17. Inversions A mutation event when one section is cut from a se-
quence, inverted and re-spliced
-Can be deleterious but can also function like a duplica-
tion if the inverted sequence is attached to a strand that
also contains the original sequence
18. Variation Events 2 are part of the process of gamete formation (Meiosis)
through Sexual -Crossing over
Reproduction -Independent Assortment
