AHN 548 Unit 1 Exam Tested
Questions With Revised Correct
Detailed Answers
>Latest Update>>
1. What are the tests for hypoglycemia? - ANSWER heel stick or lab
confirmation
2. What is the target blood glucose to resolve hypoglycemia? - ANSWER >45
mg/dL before feeding
3. If hypoglycemia requiring IV glucose > 5 days it suggests - ANSWER a less
common d/o
4. What makes hypoglycemia more severe & resistant? - ANSWER
hyperinsulinemia ? present within 1st 30-60 mins of life
5. What are the complications of hyperinsulinemia? - ANSWER cardiac failure
esp. in IDMs with cardiomyopathy
6. When treating hyperinsulinemia what should be avoided? - ANSWER
glucose bolus, use higher infusion rate
7. What are The complications of hypoglycemia? - ANSWER CNS sequelae
common if experienced seizures & persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia
,brain injury
8. What is the action of the NP if blood glucose is 30-40 with no S/S? - ANSWER
lab confirmation, feed if alert and vigorous & frequent glucose monitoring
BG remains @ < 40 mg/dL or is unable to feed, provide intravenous glucose at 6
mg/kg/min (D10W at 3.6 mL/kg/h)
Action of the NP if < 40 mg/dL & Symptoms of hypoglycemia present
or < 30 mg/dL With or without symptoms of hypoglycemia - ANSWER lab
confirmation & bolus of D10W (2 mL/kg) followed by an infusion of 6 mg/kg/min
(3.6 mL/kg/h)
9. When < 30 mg/dL, if IV Excess can't be obtained immediately, use this -
ANSWER umbilical vein
10. What are the Essential diagnosis and typical features of respiratory distress in
the infant? - ANSWER Tachypnea,
respiratory rate > 60 breaths/min.
Intercostal and sternal retractions.
Expiratory grunting.
Cyanosis in room air
stridor
,10. What are the most common causes of Respiratory distress in infants? -
ANSWER transient tachypnea,
aspiration syndromes,
congenital pneumonia, and pneumothorax
other causes are rare
11. What are the tests to eval respiratory distress? - ANSWER CXR
ABG
Pulse Ox
CBC
blood glucose
13. What are the characteristics of Transient tachypnea (retained fetal lung fluid)?
- ANSWER present @ birth
usually full term or late preterm, nonasphyxiated
short-labor/C-section
mild to mod O2 req. (25%-50%)
d/t delayed fluid clearing
CXR-perihilar streaking and fluid in interlobar fissure
resolves in 12-24 hrs
Nasal CPAP helps fluid clearance
14. What are the characteristics of Aspiration syndromes? - ANSWER Full or
late preterm with fetal distress prior to delivery/depression at delivery;
blood or meconium (d/t gasp during distress) in amniotic fluid;
, distress present @ birth, barrel chest, coarse BS,
pneumonitis=? increasing O2 need & ?intubation & ventilation;
CXR: coarse asymmetric infiltrates, hyperexpansion & worse cases: lobar
consolidation & if 2ndry surfactant defic=diffuse homogeneous infiltrate
15. What are the characteristics of Congenital PNA? - ANSWER most common
infection site; origin=GI tract, vaginal or rectal flora (group B streptococci and
Escherichia coli most likely); Any age with Hx/no Hx of prolonged rupture of
membranes, chorioamnionitis, or maternal antibiotic administration; distress @
birth or delayed for hrs. CXR: retained lung fluid or hyaline membrane disease,
rare: lobar infiltrate or pleural effusion; DX: Shock, poor perfusion, absolute
neutropenia (< 2000/mL), and elevated C-reactive protein; Gram stain of tracheal
aspirate; Blood Cx &
16. What are the characteristics of Spontaneous Pneumothorax: - ANSWER
1% of all deliveries; risk: PPV in delivery rm; @ birth primarily tachypnea (usually
nonsevere); BS decreased=affected side; heart sounds shifted to opposite side & ?
distant; CXR: Pneumothorax; pulmonary hypoplasia with pneumothorax=do renal
ultrasound
17. What are the features of bilateral choanal atresia? - ANSWER no air
movement with nasal breathing
become cyanotic & bradycardic, but good color & HR while crying
18. Hydropic - ANSWER generalized edema
19. If the infant is hydropic, what is the likely cause of Respiratory distress? -
ANSWER Pleural effusion
Questions With Revised Correct
Detailed Answers
>Latest Update>>
1. What are the tests for hypoglycemia? - ANSWER heel stick or lab
confirmation
2. What is the target blood glucose to resolve hypoglycemia? - ANSWER >45
mg/dL before feeding
3. If hypoglycemia requiring IV glucose > 5 days it suggests - ANSWER a less
common d/o
4. What makes hypoglycemia more severe & resistant? - ANSWER
hyperinsulinemia ? present within 1st 30-60 mins of life
5. What are the complications of hyperinsulinemia? - ANSWER cardiac failure
esp. in IDMs with cardiomyopathy
6. When treating hyperinsulinemia what should be avoided? - ANSWER
glucose bolus, use higher infusion rate
7. What are The complications of hypoglycemia? - ANSWER CNS sequelae
common if experienced seizures & persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia
,brain injury
8. What is the action of the NP if blood glucose is 30-40 with no S/S? - ANSWER
lab confirmation, feed if alert and vigorous & frequent glucose monitoring
BG remains @ < 40 mg/dL or is unable to feed, provide intravenous glucose at 6
mg/kg/min (D10W at 3.6 mL/kg/h)
Action of the NP if < 40 mg/dL & Symptoms of hypoglycemia present
or < 30 mg/dL With or without symptoms of hypoglycemia - ANSWER lab
confirmation & bolus of D10W (2 mL/kg) followed by an infusion of 6 mg/kg/min
(3.6 mL/kg/h)
9. When < 30 mg/dL, if IV Excess can't be obtained immediately, use this -
ANSWER umbilical vein
10. What are the Essential diagnosis and typical features of respiratory distress in
the infant? - ANSWER Tachypnea,
respiratory rate > 60 breaths/min.
Intercostal and sternal retractions.
Expiratory grunting.
Cyanosis in room air
stridor
,10. What are the most common causes of Respiratory distress in infants? -
ANSWER transient tachypnea,
aspiration syndromes,
congenital pneumonia, and pneumothorax
other causes are rare
11. What are the tests to eval respiratory distress? - ANSWER CXR
ABG
Pulse Ox
CBC
blood glucose
13. What are the characteristics of Transient tachypnea (retained fetal lung fluid)?
- ANSWER present @ birth
usually full term or late preterm, nonasphyxiated
short-labor/C-section
mild to mod O2 req. (25%-50%)
d/t delayed fluid clearing
CXR-perihilar streaking and fluid in interlobar fissure
resolves in 12-24 hrs
Nasal CPAP helps fluid clearance
14. What are the characteristics of Aspiration syndromes? - ANSWER Full or
late preterm with fetal distress prior to delivery/depression at delivery;
blood or meconium (d/t gasp during distress) in amniotic fluid;
, distress present @ birth, barrel chest, coarse BS,
pneumonitis=? increasing O2 need & ?intubation & ventilation;
CXR: coarse asymmetric infiltrates, hyperexpansion & worse cases: lobar
consolidation & if 2ndry surfactant defic=diffuse homogeneous infiltrate
15. What are the characteristics of Congenital PNA? - ANSWER most common
infection site; origin=GI tract, vaginal or rectal flora (group B streptococci and
Escherichia coli most likely); Any age with Hx/no Hx of prolonged rupture of
membranes, chorioamnionitis, or maternal antibiotic administration; distress @
birth or delayed for hrs. CXR: retained lung fluid or hyaline membrane disease,
rare: lobar infiltrate or pleural effusion; DX: Shock, poor perfusion, absolute
neutropenia (< 2000/mL), and elevated C-reactive protein; Gram stain of tracheal
aspirate; Blood Cx &
16. What are the characteristics of Spontaneous Pneumothorax: - ANSWER
1% of all deliveries; risk: PPV in delivery rm; @ birth primarily tachypnea (usually
nonsevere); BS decreased=affected side; heart sounds shifted to opposite side & ?
distant; CXR: Pneumothorax; pulmonary hypoplasia with pneumothorax=do renal
ultrasound
17. What are the features of bilateral choanal atresia? - ANSWER no air
movement with nasal breathing
become cyanotic & bradycardic, but good color & HR while crying
18. Hydropic - ANSWER generalized edema
19. If the infant is hydropic, what is the likely cause of Respiratory distress? -
ANSWER Pleural effusion
