ISA ARBORIST CERTIFICATION EXAM LATEST UPDATED
VERSION ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND WELL
ELABORATED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |GUARANTEED PASS A+ (BRAND NEW!!)
Meristems - ANSWER: specialized zones where new cells arise from the division of
existing cells
Differentiation - ANSWER: changes cell structure and permits them to assume a
variety of specific functions
Primary Meristem - ANSWER: produce cells that result in elongation of shoots and
roots
Secondary meristems (lateral meristems) - ANSWER: produce cells that result in
increase in diameter
Cambium - ANSWER: The first lateral meristem
Thin sheath of dividing cells that produces the cells that will become the vascular
system of the tree
Cork Cambium - ANSWER: second lateral meristem, produces the bark
Xylem - ANSWER: "wood of the tree" produced by the cambium is responsible for
the following: coeducation of water and dissolved minerals, support of the weight of
the tree, storage of carb reserves, defense against the spread of disease and decay
Vessels - ANSWER: the primary conducting elements in hardwoods, hollow cells that
form long tubes of water-conducting elements
ring porous trees - ANSWER: form wide vessels early in the growing season and
narrower vessels later in the season
include: elms (Ulmus) Oaks (Quercus) and ashes (Fraxinus)
Difuse porous trees - ANSWER: produce vessels of uniform size throughout the
growing season
include: maples (Acer) planetrees (Platanus) and poplars (Populus)
Sapwood - ANSWER: xylem that conducts H20
Heartwood - ANSWER: nonconductiong tissue that is sometimes darker in color than
the sapwood
, Phloem - ANSWER: composed of living cells - responsible for the movement of sugars
produced in the leaves to other plant parts
sieve cells - ANSWER: phloem cells in conifers
sieve tube elememts/companion cells - ANSWER: phloem cells in hardwoods
axial transport system - ANSWER: transports materials longitudinally
Rays - ANSWER: transport sugars and other compounds through the trunk, store
starch, and assist in restricting decay in wood tissue
Bark - ANSWER: moderates the temperature inside the stem, defends against injury,
and reduces water loss. Outer bark is composed of nonfunctional phloem and corky
tissue
Lenticels - ANSWER: small openings in the bark the permit gas exchange
terminal/apical buds - ANSWER: bud located at the end of a shoot - most active
axillary/lateral buds - ANSWER: buds that occur along the stem - usually dormant
epicormic - ANSWER: when dormant buds elongate and produce shoots
node - ANSWER: slightly enlarged portion of the twig where the leaves and buds
arise
Branch collar - ANSWER: the annual production of layers of tissue at the junction of
the branch to the stem forming a shoulder or bulge around the branch base
Branch bark ridge - ANSWER: formed by bark pushing up
included bark - ANSWER: bark in crotch that is surrounded by wood
Transpiration - ANSWER: the loss of h20 through the foliage in the form of water
vapor, which helps cool the leaf and draw water up through the xylem
cuticle - ANSWER: the waxy layer the covers the outer surface of the leaf, helps
prevent uncontrolled water loss from the epidermal cells on the leaf surface
guard cells - ANSWER: regulate the opening and closing of the stomata in response
to environmental stimuli such as light, temperature, and humidity
Abscission zone - ANSWER: enables leaf drop in the fall and protects the region of
the stem from which the leaf has fallen against desiccation and pathogen entry
Functions of tree roots - ANSWER: anchorage, storage, absorption, and conduction
VERSION ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND WELL
ELABORATED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |GUARANTEED PASS A+ (BRAND NEW!!)
Meristems - ANSWER: specialized zones where new cells arise from the division of
existing cells
Differentiation - ANSWER: changes cell structure and permits them to assume a
variety of specific functions
Primary Meristem - ANSWER: produce cells that result in elongation of shoots and
roots
Secondary meristems (lateral meristems) - ANSWER: produce cells that result in
increase in diameter
Cambium - ANSWER: The first lateral meristem
Thin sheath of dividing cells that produces the cells that will become the vascular
system of the tree
Cork Cambium - ANSWER: second lateral meristem, produces the bark
Xylem - ANSWER: "wood of the tree" produced by the cambium is responsible for
the following: coeducation of water and dissolved minerals, support of the weight of
the tree, storage of carb reserves, defense against the spread of disease and decay
Vessels - ANSWER: the primary conducting elements in hardwoods, hollow cells that
form long tubes of water-conducting elements
ring porous trees - ANSWER: form wide vessels early in the growing season and
narrower vessels later in the season
include: elms (Ulmus) Oaks (Quercus) and ashes (Fraxinus)
Difuse porous trees - ANSWER: produce vessels of uniform size throughout the
growing season
include: maples (Acer) planetrees (Platanus) and poplars (Populus)
Sapwood - ANSWER: xylem that conducts H20
Heartwood - ANSWER: nonconductiong tissue that is sometimes darker in color than
the sapwood
, Phloem - ANSWER: composed of living cells - responsible for the movement of sugars
produced in the leaves to other plant parts
sieve cells - ANSWER: phloem cells in conifers
sieve tube elememts/companion cells - ANSWER: phloem cells in hardwoods
axial transport system - ANSWER: transports materials longitudinally
Rays - ANSWER: transport sugars and other compounds through the trunk, store
starch, and assist in restricting decay in wood tissue
Bark - ANSWER: moderates the temperature inside the stem, defends against injury,
and reduces water loss. Outer bark is composed of nonfunctional phloem and corky
tissue
Lenticels - ANSWER: small openings in the bark the permit gas exchange
terminal/apical buds - ANSWER: bud located at the end of a shoot - most active
axillary/lateral buds - ANSWER: buds that occur along the stem - usually dormant
epicormic - ANSWER: when dormant buds elongate and produce shoots
node - ANSWER: slightly enlarged portion of the twig where the leaves and buds
arise
Branch collar - ANSWER: the annual production of layers of tissue at the junction of
the branch to the stem forming a shoulder or bulge around the branch base
Branch bark ridge - ANSWER: formed by bark pushing up
included bark - ANSWER: bark in crotch that is surrounded by wood
Transpiration - ANSWER: the loss of h20 through the foliage in the form of water
vapor, which helps cool the leaf and draw water up through the xylem
cuticle - ANSWER: the waxy layer the covers the outer surface of the leaf, helps
prevent uncontrolled water loss from the epidermal cells on the leaf surface
guard cells - ANSWER: regulate the opening and closing of the stomata in response
to environmental stimuli such as light, temperature, and humidity
Abscission zone - ANSWER: enables leaf drop in the fall and protects the region of
the stem from which the leaf has fallen against desiccation and pathogen entry
Functions of tree roots - ANSWER: anchorage, storage, absorption, and conduction
