NUR 3145 EXAM ONE QUESTIONS AND ALL CORRECT ANSWERS (ALREADY
GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE) 100% GUARANTEED
Drug - ANSWER- a chemical that affects a living process
Pharmacology - ANSWER- study of drugs and their interactions
Clinical pharmacology - ANSWER- study of drugs in humans
Pharmacotherapeutics - ANSWER- use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or tx a disease or to
prevent pregnancy
Ideal drug - ANSWER- !!! Effective
!!! Safe
!!! Selective (only affects what its supposed to)
-reversible (has an anecdotefcyp)
-predictable
-easy to administer (by PO)
-stable (want a long shelf life)
-simple generic name (brand names change)
The therapeutic objective - ANSWER- provide maximum benefit with minimal harm
Factors that determine the intensity of a drug response: medical administration - ANSWER- 1.
Med error: is it the correct dose? Route? Time?
,2. Pt adherence: is the pt taking the med?
-make sure to inform the pt fully about the med and how to take it correctly to reduce errors
Factors that determine the intensity of a drug response: pharmacokinetics - ANSWER- "action
of the body on the drug" - how body processes affect the drug
1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
Individual variables that can affect drug interaction - ANSWER- 1. Physiologic variables (age,
gender, weight)
2. Pathologic variables (liver/kidney failure)
3. Genetic variables (alter drug metabolism, cause unique drug reactions)
Physiological variables - very old and very young - ANSWER- very young - immature organs
Very old - more likely to have liver/kidney problems; will hold the drugs longer
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER- "action of the drug on the body"
-once drug has reached its site, pharmacodynamics determines intensity and nature of response
1. Drug-receptor interaction
2. Pt's functional state (ex. Someone who has a tolerance to morphine will have less of a response
compared to someone else)
, 3. Placebo effects
Indications - ANSWER- conditions for which a drug is approved
!! Every drug has at least one indication (many have multiple)
When would you use an off-label drug? - ANSWER- "not approved" for a condition but can
help a pt
Ex. Many psychiatric meds are sedatives - use them for insomnia...if a pt has depression and
insomnia, can use an antidepressant to tx both conditions (reduces polypharmacy)
Therapeutic usefulness - ANSWER- "layman's terms" helps explain what the drug does to the
pt
Ex. Lowers blood pressure, influences blood clotting
Therapeutic classification - ANSWER- how the drug acts
Ex. Antihypertensives, anticoagulants
Pharmacologic classification - ANSWER- how the drug produces its effect on the body
Ex. Diuretic ... (mechanism of action = lower plasma volume)
ACE inhibitor ... (mechanism of action = blocks hormonal activity)
Prototype - ANSWER- "key example" of a drug in a particular class in which all other drugs
are compared to
Chemical drug name - ANSWER- named by the IUPAC
GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE) 100% GUARANTEED
Drug - ANSWER- a chemical that affects a living process
Pharmacology - ANSWER- study of drugs and their interactions
Clinical pharmacology - ANSWER- study of drugs in humans
Pharmacotherapeutics - ANSWER- use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or tx a disease or to
prevent pregnancy
Ideal drug - ANSWER- !!! Effective
!!! Safe
!!! Selective (only affects what its supposed to)
-reversible (has an anecdotefcyp)
-predictable
-easy to administer (by PO)
-stable (want a long shelf life)
-simple generic name (brand names change)
The therapeutic objective - ANSWER- provide maximum benefit with minimal harm
Factors that determine the intensity of a drug response: medical administration - ANSWER- 1.
Med error: is it the correct dose? Route? Time?
,2. Pt adherence: is the pt taking the med?
-make sure to inform the pt fully about the med and how to take it correctly to reduce errors
Factors that determine the intensity of a drug response: pharmacokinetics - ANSWER- "action
of the body on the drug" - how body processes affect the drug
1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
Individual variables that can affect drug interaction - ANSWER- 1. Physiologic variables (age,
gender, weight)
2. Pathologic variables (liver/kidney failure)
3. Genetic variables (alter drug metabolism, cause unique drug reactions)
Physiological variables - very old and very young - ANSWER- very young - immature organs
Very old - more likely to have liver/kidney problems; will hold the drugs longer
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER- "action of the drug on the body"
-once drug has reached its site, pharmacodynamics determines intensity and nature of response
1. Drug-receptor interaction
2. Pt's functional state (ex. Someone who has a tolerance to morphine will have less of a response
compared to someone else)
, 3. Placebo effects
Indications - ANSWER- conditions for which a drug is approved
!! Every drug has at least one indication (many have multiple)
When would you use an off-label drug? - ANSWER- "not approved" for a condition but can
help a pt
Ex. Many psychiatric meds are sedatives - use them for insomnia...if a pt has depression and
insomnia, can use an antidepressant to tx both conditions (reduces polypharmacy)
Therapeutic usefulness - ANSWER- "layman's terms" helps explain what the drug does to the
pt
Ex. Lowers blood pressure, influences blood clotting
Therapeutic classification - ANSWER- how the drug acts
Ex. Antihypertensives, anticoagulants
Pharmacologic classification - ANSWER- how the drug produces its effect on the body
Ex. Diuretic ... (mechanism of action = lower plasma volume)
ACE inhibitor ... (mechanism of action = blocks hormonal activity)
Prototype - ANSWER- "key example" of a drug in a particular class in which all other drugs
are compared to
Chemical drug name - ANSWER- named by the IUPAC
