NUR 3145 EXAM 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ALL CORRECT ANSWERS (ALREADY
GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE) 100% GUARANTEED
Intravenous lasix should be administered slowly over ___ minutes - answer- 1-2
Which type of diuretics can be given to counteract the potassium lowering effects of loop diuretics
- answer- aldosterone blockers (potassium sparing) such as spironolactone
Describe the moa of thiazide diuretics - answer- block reabsorption of sodium and chloride in
the distal convulated tubule
Describe the moa of spironolactone - answer- blocks aldosterone in distal nephron, potassium
is retained, sodium is excreted
Describe the moa of furosemide (lasix) - answer- blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride
in the ascending loop of henle
Why are ace inhibitors and potassium-sparing diuretics problematic - answer- both can lead to
hyperkalemia
What is the major indication for using a potassium-sparing diuretic such as spironolactone
(aldactone) - answer- common use- to counteract loss of potassium when loop or thiazide
diuretic used
What are the clinical manifestations of electrolyte imbalance - answer- confusion, muscle
twitching, weakness, irregular pulse, and nausea
,When the baroreceptor reflex is activated in response to low blood pressure, the arterioles ___ and
the heart rate ____ - answer- constrict, increases
List the causes of hypokalemia - answer- decreased intake, diuretics, excessive sweating,
increased insulin, alkalosis
List the adverse effects of furosemide (lasix) - answer- decreases electrolytes sodium,
chloride,potassiu, hypotension, dehydration
When is the best time to take a diuretic - answer- early morning
Which antibiotic, when combined with furosemide (lasix), can potentiate hearing loss? - answer-
gentamycin (aminoglycoside antibiotic)
Dehydration from diuretic use can promote thromboembolism. Describe the symptoms of
thromboembolism - answer- headache, pain in chest calves or pelvis, positive homan's sign,
erythema
What are the symptoms of ototoxicity? - answer- hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo
What are the major adverse effects of spironolactone? - answer- hyperkalemia, menstrual
irregularities, hirsutism, lowering of voice, and gynecomastia in men
When venous return increases, does cardiac output increase or decrease - answer- increase
Does htn increase or decrease afterload - answer- increase
How is intravenous lasix administered - answer- iv push over 2 minutes
, What class of diuretics is especially useful in patients with renal impairment - answer- loop
diuretics
What is the potential problem when diuretics and digoxin are used together - answer- low
potassium can increase digoxin levels to toxic range
What is the potential problem when lithium (a mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar disorder) and
furosemide (lasix) a loop diuretic, are combined - answer- low sodium can elevate lithium
levels to toxic levels
State three factors that determine stroke volume - answer- myocardial contractility, preload and
afterload
What is the recommended infusion rate for intravenous potassium replacement - answer- no
more than 10 meq/hour diluted for adults
Are loop diuretics used first line for the treatment of htn - answer- no, they are not preferred
agents
Are thiazide diuretics effective in patients with decreased glomerular filtration? - answer- no,
the patient requires a loop diuretic
Which class of drugs attenuate the effects of diuretics - answer- nsaids
Examples of food high in potassium - answer- nuts, dried food, spinach, citrus fruits, potatoes,
bananas
GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE) 100% GUARANTEED
Intravenous lasix should be administered slowly over ___ minutes - answer- 1-2
Which type of diuretics can be given to counteract the potassium lowering effects of loop diuretics
- answer- aldosterone blockers (potassium sparing) such as spironolactone
Describe the moa of thiazide diuretics - answer- block reabsorption of sodium and chloride in
the distal convulated tubule
Describe the moa of spironolactone - answer- blocks aldosterone in distal nephron, potassium
is retained, sodium is excreted
Describe the moa of furosemide (lasix) - answer- blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride
in the ascending loop of henle
Why are ace inhibitors and potassium-sparing diuretics problematic - answer- both can lead to
hyperkalemia
What is the major indication for using a potassium-sparing diuretic such as spironolactone
(aldactone) - answer- common use- to counteract loss of potassium when loop or thiazide
diuretic used
What are the clinical manifestations of electrolyte imbalance - answer- confusion, muscle
twitching, weakness, irregular pulse, and nausea
,When the baroreceptor reflex is activated in response to low blood pressure, the arterioles ___ and
the heart rate ____ - answer- constrict, increases
List the causes of hypokalemia - answer- decreased intake, diuretics, excessive sweating,
increased insulin, alkalosis
List the adverse effects of furosemide (lasix) - answer- decreases electrolytes sodium,
chloride,potassiu, hypotension, dehydration
When is the best time to take a diuretic - answer- early morning
Which antibiotic, when combined with furosemide (lasix), can potentiate hearing loss? - answer-
gentamycin (aminoglycoside antibiotic)
Dehydration from diuretic use can promote thromboembolism. Describe the symptoms of
thromboembolism - answer- headache, pain in chest calves or pelvis, positive homan's sign,
erythema
What are the symptoms of ototoxicity? - answer- hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo
What are the major adverse effects of spironolactone? - answer- hyperkalemia, menstrual
irregularities, hirsutism, lowering of voice, and gynecomastia in men
When venous return increases, does cardiac output increase or decrease - answer- increase
Does htn increase or decrease afterload - answer- increase
How is intravenous lasix administered - answer- iv push over 2 minutes
, What class of diuretics is especially useful in patients with renal impairment - answer- loop
diuretics
What is the potential problem when diuretics and digoxin are used together - answer- low
potassium can increase digoxin levels to toxic range
What is the potential problem when lithium (a mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar disorder) and
furosemide (lasix) a loop diuretic, are combined - answer- low sodium can elevate lithium
levels to toxic levels
State three factors that determine stroke volume - answer- myocardial contractility, preload and
afterload
What is the recommended infusion rate for intravenous potassium replacement - answer- no
more than 10 meq/hour diluted for adults
Are loop diuretics used first line for the treatment of htn - answer- no, they are not preferred
agents
Are thiazide diuretics effective in patients with decreased glomerular filtration? - answer- no,
the patient requires a loop diuretic
Which class of drugs attenuate the effects of diuretics - answer- nsaids
Examples of food high in potassium - answer- nuts, dried food, spinach, citrus fruits, potatoes,
bananas
