APHY 102 EXAM APHY 102 ACTUAL MIDTERM EXAM
LATEST 2024 APPROVED QUESTIONS AND WELL
ELABORATED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATES | GUARANTEED PASS .
(BRAND NEW!!)
hormone - ANSWER: chemical messengers; secreted into body fluids, mainly blood
with specific actions on target tissues that have specific receptors for it
paracrine gland - ANSWER: a secretion that enters interstitial fluid; acts on
neighboring cells
autocrine gland - ANSWER: a secretion that only affects the secreting cell
endocrine gland - ANSWER: secretes hormones into the internal environment
exocrine glands - ANSWER: secretions enter tubes/ducts that lead to body surfaces.
hypothalamus - ANSWER: regulates pituitary gland secretion
steroid hormones - ANSWER: soluble in lipids (cholesterol); protein receptors, mRNA
tropic hormones - ANSWER: stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones;
released by anterior pituitary gland via hypothalamus
glucagon - ANSWER: increase in blood glucose
insulin - ANSWER: promotes formation of glycogen; inhibits conversion of
noncarbohydrates into glucose; enhances movement of glucose through adipose and
muscle cell membranes; promotes transport of amino acids into cells
diabetes mellitus - ANSWER: Type 1 is when the pancreas cannot produce insulin
(autoimmune); Type 2 is non insulin dependents
Rh factor and developing fetus - ANSWER: Rh negative mother + Rh positive baby =
first pregnancy okay; Rh positive blood enters mother and mother produces Rh anti-
bodies; second pregnancy may result in destruction of red blood cells in fetus;
erythroblastosis fetalis
Blood type A - ANSWER: antigen: A; antibody: anti-B; receive type A or O; give to
type A or AB
Blood type B - ANSWER: antigen: B; antibody: anti-A; receive type B or O; give to
type B or AB
, Blood type AB - ANSWER: antigens: A & B; antibody: neither; receive Type A, B, and
O; give to type AB only; universal recipient
Blood type O - ANSWER: antigens: neither; antibodies: both anit-A & anti-B; receive
Type O only; give to A, B, and O; universal donor
neutrophils - ANSWER: a leukocyte (WBC): most numerous, 54-62% of WBCs, first to
arrive to fight infections, elevated in bacterial infections, multi-lobed nucleus;
granulocyte
eosinophils - ANSWER: a leukocyte (WBC): deep red granules in acid stain, bi-lobed
nucleus, fight allergic reactions and against parasitic worm infestations, 1-3% of
WBCs; granulocyte
basophils - ANSWER: smallest % of leukocytes
monocytes - ANSWER: a leukocyte (WBC): largest of all blood cells, kidney/oval-
shaped nuclei, become macrophages, 3-9% of WBCs, phagocytize bacteria, dead
cells, and other debris; agranulocyte
lymphocytes - ANSWER: a leukocyte (WBC): slightly larger than RBCs, large spherical
nucleus surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm, T and B cells, B cells produce
antibodies, 25-33% of WBCs; agranulocyte
formed elements of blood - ANSWER: blood cells and platelets; RBCs - transport
oxygen; WBCs - fight infections; platelets - clot wounds
normal levels of RBC - ANSWER: RBCs are 45% of the blood.
serum - ANSWER: plasma - fibrinogen & clotting factors; fluid portion of coagulated
blood.
plasma - ANSWER: liquid part of the blood in which cells and platelets are
suspended; contains fibrinogen
hematocrit - ANSWER: most blood samples = 45% red blood cells by volume; packed
cell volume
hemostasis - ANSWER: to stop or control bleeding
blod clot formation - ANSWER: 1. Blood vessel spasm - smooth muscle in blood
vessel contracts
2. Platelet plug formation: vessel break, blood escapes, platelets stick to each other,
vessel, and collagen
3. Blood coagulation - clot forms
LATEST 2024 APPROVED QUESTIONS AND WELL
ELABORATED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATES | GUARANTEED PASS .
(BRAND NEW!!)
hormone - ANSWER: chemical messengers; secreted into body fluids, mainly blood
with specific actions on target tissues that have specific receptors for it
paracrine gland - ANSWER: a secretion that enters interstitial fluid; acts on
neighboring cells
autocrine gland - ANSWER: a secretion that only affects the secreting cell
endocrine gland - ANSWER: secretes hormones into the internal environment
exocrine glands - ANSWER: secretions enter tubes/ducts that lead to body surfaces.
hypothalamus - ANSWER: regulates pituitary gland secretion
steroid hormones - ANSWER: soluble in lipids (cholesterol); protein receptors, mRNA
tropic hormones - ANSWER: stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones;
released by anterior pituitary gland via hypothalamus
glucagon - ANSWER: increase in blood glucose
insulin - ANSWER: promotes formation of glycogen; inhibits conversion of
noncarbohydrates into glucose; enhances movement of glucose through adipose and
muscle cell membranes; promotes transport of amino acids into cells
diabetes mellitus - ANSWER: Type 1 is when the pancreas cannot produce insulin
(autoimmune); Type 2 is non insulin dependents
Rh factor and developing fetus - ANSWER: Rh negative mother + Rh positive baby =
first pregnancy okay; Rh positive blood enters mother and mother produces Rh anti-
bodies; second pregnancy may result in destruction of red blood cells in fetus;
erythroblastosis fetalis
Blood type A - ANSWER: antigen: A; antibody: anti-B; receive type A or O; give to
type A or AB
Blood type B - ANSWER: antigen: B; antibody: anti-A; receive type B or O; give to
type B or AB
, Blood type AB - ANSWER: antigens: A & B; antibody: neither; receive Type A, B, and
O; give to type AB only; universal recipient
Blood type O - ANSWER: antigens: neither; antibodies: both anit-A & anti-B; receive
Type O only; give to A, B, and O; universal donor
neutrophils - ANSWER: a leukocyte (WBC): most numerous, 54-62% of WBCs, first to
arrive to fight infections, elevated in bacterial infections, multi-lobed nucleus;
granulocyte
eosinophils - ANSWER: a leukocyte (WBC): deep red granules in acid stain, bi-lobed
nucleus, fight allergic reactions and against parasitic worm infestations, 1-3% of
WBCs; granulocyte
basophils - ANSWER: smallest % of leukocytes
monocytes - ANSWER: a leukocyte (WBC): largest of all blood cells, kidney/oval-
shaped nuclei, become macrophages, 3-9% of WBCs, phagocytize bacteria, dead
cells, and other debris; agranulocyte
lymphocytes - ANSWER: a leukocyte (WBC): slightly larger than RBCs, large spherical
nucleus surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm, T and B cells, B cells produce
antibodies, 25-33% of WBCs; agranulocyte
formed elements of blood - ANSWER: blood cells and platelets; RBCs - transport
oxygen; WBCs - fight infections; platelets - clot wounds
normal levels of RBC - ANSWER: RBCs are 45% of the blood.
serum - ANSWER: plasma - fibrinogen & clotting factors; fluid portion of coagulated
blood.
plasma - ANSWER: liquid part of the blood in which cells and platelets are
suspended; contains fibrinogen
hematocrit - ANSWER: most blood samples = 45% red blood cells by volume; packed
cell volume
hemostasis - ANSWER: to stop or control bleeding
blod clot formation - ANSWER: 1. Blood vessel spasm - smooth muscle in blood
vessel contracts
2. Platelet plug formation: vessel break, blood escapes, platelets stick to each other,
vessel, and collagen
3. Blood coagulation - clot forms
