UIUC PSYCH 230 EXAM 2 QUESIONS
Sound Stimulus - Answers- the periodic variations in air pressure traveling out from the
source of the variations
Sound waves - Answers- the waves of pressure changes that occur in the air as a
function of the vibration of a source
Medium of sound - Answers- - Air or Water
- Sound travels four times faster in water than air
- Sound travels fast, but slower than light
Pure tones - Answers- Air pressure changes to follow a sine wave pattern
Amplitude - Answers- Difference between maximum sound and minimum sound
pressures
Loudness - Answers- perceptual experience of amplitude
- Decibels (Unit)
Frequency - Answers- the number of cycles in a sound stimulus that occur in 1 second
Pitch - Answers- the subjective experience of frequency
Hertz (Unit)
Children and Young Adults range of hearing - Answers- 20 - 20,000 Hz
Over 50 years old range of hearing - Answers- 20 - 12000 Hz
Pinna - Answers- collects sound waves
External auditory canal - Answers- Conducts sound in tympanic membrane & amplifies
specific sound frequencies
Temporal code theory - Answers- the view that frequency representation occurs
because of a match between sound frequency and the firing rates of the auditory nerve
Coclear nucleus - Answers- serves as a lateral inhibition function
Trapezoid body - Answers- important for determining direction of sound
Superior Olive - Answers- receives info from both ears, critical for sound localization
Primary auditory cortex - Answers- the region of the superior temporal lobe whose
primary input is from the auditory system
, Tonotopic organization - Answers- similar frequencies are coded by neurons close to
each other in the brain
what pathway - Answers- basis for speech perception and music perception
Where pathway - Answers- location of sound in space
conductive hearing loss - Answers- sound does not properly arrive to the cochlea
otosclerosis - Answers- calcification of the ossicles, making them less conducive to
sound
sensorineural hearing loss - Answers- damage to cochlea, auditory nerve, or primary
auditory cortex
Tinnitus - Answers- people perceive sounds when none are present
harmonic spectrum - Answers- the spectrum of a complex sound in which energy is at
integer multiples of the fundamental frequency
missing fundamental effect - Answers- The pitch listeners hear corresponds to the
fundamental frequency, even if it is missing
Timbre - Answers- psychological sensation that combines tonality and harmonic
spectrum of a sound as whole
sound localization - Answers- we can locate sounds based on which ear they strike first
interaural level difference - Answers- sound coming from one side of the body is more
intense at the closest ear because of the attenuation of the sound wave as it passes
through the head
interaural time difference - Answers- the difference in time between a sound arriving at
one ear versus the other
Interaural Time difference in the media superior olives - Answers-
The cone of confusion - Answers- A region of positions in space where all sounds
produce the same time and level (intensity) differences (ITDs and ILDs).
Elevation perception - Answers- Spectral Shape cue
Detecting distance
Reverberation - Answers- repeated echoes of sound
Sound Stimulus - Answers- the periodic variations in air pressure traveling out from the
source of the variations
Sound waves - Answers- the waves of pressure changes that occur in the air as a
function of the vibration of a source
Medium of sound - Answers- - Air or Water
- Sound travels four times faster in water than air
- Sound travels fast, but slower than light
Pure tones - Answers- Air pressure changes to follow a sine wave pattern
Amplitude - Answers- Difference between maximum sound and minimum sound
pressures
Loudness - Answers- perceptual experience of amplitude
- Decibels (Unit)
Frequency - Answers- the number of cycles in a sound stimulus that occur in 1 second
Pitch - Answers- the subjective experience of frequency
Hertz (Unit)
Children and Young Adults range of hearing - Answers- 20 - 20,000 Hz
Over 50 years old range of hearing - Answers- 20 - 12000 Hz
Pinna - Answers- collects sound waves
External auditory canal - Answers- Conducts sound in tympanic membrane & amplifies
specific sound frequencies
Temporal code theory - Answers- the view that frequency representation occurs
because of a match between sound frequency and the firing rates of the auditory nerve
Coclear nucleus - Answers- serves as a lateral inhibition function
Trapezoid body - Answers- important for determining direction of sound
Superior Olive - Answers- receives info from both ears, critical for sound localization
Primary auditory cortex - Answers- the region of the superior temporal lobe whose
primary input is from the auditory system
, Tonotopic organization - Answers- similar frequencies are coded by neurons close to
each other in the brain
what pathway - Answers- basis for speech perception and music perception
Where pathway - Answers- location of sound in space
conductive hearing loss - Answers- sound does not properly arrive to the cochlea
otosclerosis - Answers- calcification of the ossicles, making them less conducive to
sound
sensorineural hearing loss - Answers- damage to cochlea, auditory nerve, or primary
auditory cortex
Tinnitus - Answers- people perceive sounds when none are present
harmonic spectrum - Answers- the spectrum of a complex sound in which energy is at
integer multiples of the fundamental frequency
missing fundamental effect - Answers- The pitch listeners hear corresponds to the
fundamental frequency, even if it is missing
Timbre - Answers- psychological sensation that combines tonality and harmonic
spectrum of a sound as whole
sound localization - Answers- we can locate sounds based on which ear they strike first
interaural level difference - Answers- sound coming from one side of the body is more
intense at the closest ear because of the attenuation of the sound wave as it passes
through the head
interaural time difference - Answers- the difference in time between a sound arriving at
one ear versus the other
Interaural Time difference in the media superior olives - Answers-
The cone of confusion - Answers- A region of positions in space where all sounds
produce the same time and level (intensity) differences (ITDs and ILDs).
Elevation perception - Answers- Spectral Shape cue
Detecting distance
Reverberation - Answers- repeated echoes of sound
