FAML-400 Exam
Complete Questions and Answers
Already Graded A+
Social Exchange Theory: Comparison level for alternatives - ANSWER ✔
individuals will compare their outcomes in a particular relationship with
alternative relationships that may be out there.
determines stability within a relationship
Social Exchange Theory: Dependence, commitment, and persistence: -
ANSWER ✔ the extent to which a person needs or is reliant on a particular
person for a desired relationship outcome.
Feelings of commitment arise with growing dependence
Commitment is enhance by 3 variables (Social Exchange Theory) - ANSWER
✔ 1: a high level of satisfaction with the relationship is important. When a
partner meets one's needs (e.g., companionate, intellectual) and expectations for
the relationship, based on experience or comparison with others, satisfaction is
likely to be good.
2: commitment is stronger when alternatives are perceived to be unavailable or
unattractive.
3: commitment becomes stronger depending on the investments each has made
in their partner and the relationship. For instance, partners may invest resources
(e.g., effort, self-disclosure, identity, time) directly into the relationship and
experience other resources (e.g., mutual friends, children, shared memories,
possessions, changed name) that become linked to the relationship
Three dimensions of commitment: - ANSWER ✔ personal: desire to stay
married to partner
moral: values and morals that underlie one's feeling of obligation to remain
married.
structural: the constraints that encourage one to remain in the relationship, such
as quality and availability of alternatives, costs associated with ending the
relationship, and the amount of investment in the relationship.
Two key processes in commitment: - ANSWER ✔ dedication ("want to"):
desire to stay married
,constraint ("have to"): shared possessions, divorce is wrong, finish what you
started
norm of reciprocity - ANSWER ✔ the cornerstone of social exchange theory,
social expectation or rule that dictates that people should help those who have
helped them and that they should not injure those who have helped them
*important because an effective ongoing society cannot function without it
immediate exchange - ANSWER ✔ Some exchanges are reciprocated at about
the same time as the initial exchange
deferred exchange - ANSWER ✔ repaid over an extended period of time
Rule of Distributive Justice, Norm of Fairness, and Equity - ANSWER ✔ both
partners must feel that the overall balance of give-and-take is equal for ex-
change relationships to be successful
marriage market - ANSWER ✔ the idea that people make choices about a
companion based on what that other person has to offer them that will lead to
their happiness. It also implies that the person seeking a companion must have
things to offer as well.
obstacles to achieve commitment include: - ANSWER ✔ material obstacles:
economic well-being, career
social group membership: gender, age, religion, race
social pressure: lack of social support to marry
psychological-emotional barriers: lack of emotional readiness to marry
physical obstacles: addictions, illness, location
women with higher education and greater earnings were more likely to -
ANSWER ✔ stay married than those women with lesser education and
earnings when their relationships were nonviolent; however, in abusive
marriages, women with greater educational and financial resources were more
likely to get divorced
older adults experience greater life satisfaction when - ANSWER ✔ they are
able to reciprocate in exchange relations with their adult children experienced
greater life satisfaction
, order of level of satisfaction among parents and intergenerational exchanges: -
ANSWER ✔ 1. parents who were "under-benefitted," providing more help than
they received, had the highest levels of life satisfaction,
2. followed by those in balanced intergenerational exchanges
3. and then those in
"over benefitted" relationships.
Social exchange theory critiques - ANSWER ✔ humans do not always act
rationally
people look out for their own best interest
what is rewarding or costly to one person may not be deemed the same by
another.
assumes a separate instead of a connected self: less capable of understanding
behaviors that support the group over the individual
COMMON AREAS OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATION - ANSWER ✔
*relationship formation-rewards vs. costs
*commitment and relationship continuity and discontinuity- seek security b/c of
developed anxiety in a relationship, fear of losing loved one
*sexual behavior- give and take, dating, sex
*decision making- benefits outweigh consequences
*caregiving and intergenerational exchanges- returning the favor
Two dimensions of equity - ANSWER ✔ People should give to those that give
to them
People should not injure those who have helped them
Special case of equity - ANSWER ✔ Rule of distributive justice: proportional,
those who give more should receive more to make it equal. Both cannot have
the same reward especially if one who has the greater cost.
disentanglement process - ANSWER ✔ *Begins with seeds of doubt
*Includes Various:
turning points
reappraisals
*Objective reflections aka outsider perspective
*Self reclaiming actions
*Paradigm shifts accompanied with last straw event
Complete Questions and Answers
Already Graded A+
Social Exchange Theory: Comparison level for alternatives - ANSWER ✔
individuals will compare their outcomes in a particular relationship with
alternative relationships that may be out there.
determines stability within a relationship
Social Exchange Theory: Dependence, commitment, and persistence: -
ANSWER ✔ the extent to which a person needs or is reliant on a particular
person for a desired relationship outcome.
Feelings of commitment arise with growing dependence
Commitment is enhance by 3 variables (Social Exchange Theory) - ANSWER
✔ 1: a high level of satisfaction with the relationship is important. When a
partner meets one's needs (e.g., companionate, intellectual) and expectations for
the relationship, based on experience or comparison with others, satisfaction is
likely to be good.
2: commitment is stronger when alternatives are perceived to be unavailable or
unattractive.
3: commitment becomes stronger depending on the investments each has made
in their partner and the relationship. For instance, partners may invest resources
(e.g., effort, self-disclosure, identity, time) directly into the relationship and
experience other resources (e.g., mutual friends, children, shared memories,
possessions, changed name) that become linked to the relationship
Three dimensions of commitment: - ANSWER ✔ personal: desire to stay
married to partner
moral: values and morals that underlie one's feeling of obligation to remain
married.
structural: the constraints that encourage one to remain in the relationship, such
as quality and availability of alternatives, costs associated with ending the
relationship, and the amount of investment in the relationship.
Two key processes in commitment: - ANSWER ✔ dedication ("want to"):
desire to stay married
,constraint ("have to"): shared possessions, divorce is wrong, finish what you
started
norm of reciprocity - ANSWER ✔ the cornerstone of social exchange theory,
social expectation or rule that dictates that people should help those who have
helped them and that they should not injure those who have helped them
*important because an effective ongoing society cannot function without it
immediate exchange - ANSWER ✔ Some exchanges are reciprocated at about
the same time as the initial exchange
deferred exchange - ANSWER ✔ repaid over an extended period of time
Rule of Distributive Justice, Norm of Fairness, and Equity - ANSWER ✔ both
partners must feel that the overall balance of give-and-take is equal for ex-
change relationships to be successful
marriage market - ANSWER ✔ the idea that people make choices about a
companion based on what that other person has to offer them that will lead to
their happiness. It also implies that the person seeking a companion must have
things to offer as well.
obstacles to achieve commitment include: - ANSWER ✔ material obstacles:
economic well-being, career
social group membership: gender, age, religion, race
social pressure: lack of social support to marry
psychological-emotional barriers: lack of emotional readiness to marry
physical obstacles: addictions, illness, location
women with higher education and greater earnings were more likely to -
ANSWER ✔ stay married than those women with lesser education and
earnings when their relationships were nonviolent; however, in abusive
marriages, women with greater educational and financial resources were more
likely to get divorced
older adults experience greater life satisfaction when - ANSWER ✔ they are
able to reciprocate in exchange relations with their adult children experienced
greater life satisfaction
, order of level of satisfaction among parents and intergenerational exchanges: -
ANSWER ✔ 1. parents who were "under-benefitted," providing more help than
they received, had the highest levels of life satisfaction,
2. followed by those in balanced intergenerational exchanges
3. and then those in
"over benefitted" relationships.
Social exchange theory critiques - ANSWER ✔ humans do not always act
rationally
people look out for their own best interest
what is rewarding or costly to one person may not be deemed the same by
another.
assumes a separate instead of a connected self: less capable of understanding
behaviors that support the group over the individual
COMMON AREAS OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATION - ANSWER ✔
*relationship formation-rewards vs. costs
*commitment and relationship continuity and discontinuity- seek security b/c of
developed anxiety in a relationship, fear of losing loved one
*sexual behavior- give and take, dating, sex
*decision making- benefits outweigh consequences
*caregiving and intergenerational exchanges- returning the favor
Two dimensions of equity - ANSWER ✔ People should give to those that give
to them
People should not injure those who have helped them
Special case of equity - ANSWER ✔ Rule of distributive justice: proportional,
those who give more should receive more to make it equal. Both cannot have
the same reward especially if one who has the greater cost.
disentanglement process - ANSWER ✔ *Begins with seeds of doubt
*Includes Various:
turning points
reappraisals
*Objective reflections aka outsider perspective
*Self reclaiming actions
*Paradigm shifts accompanied with last straw event
