Summary Properties of Gases

compressibilities -
measure of how much a given volume of matter




chapte.ir/30#P-es0fGa-esauizononap+eri3
decreases when placed under pressure



Vaporize conversion of a substance from
-
the liquid or solid phase
ahttle of chapter 14 into thegaseous lvapour) phase .




liquid .
Pressure force -
of all the gas particle /
wall collisions divided by the area

5011 d G-015 of the wall




.GE?@iFeg&.@Foi9asi9@•⑧s⑧s manometer device similar to a barometer that can be used to measure
-


ceres
⑧D⑧g 88 ⑧D ⑧D 98 ⑧f⑧y egg the pressure of gas trapped in a container

⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧s⑧k@⑧d⑧r⑧h⑧s
a




⑧s⑧y⑧s⑧h⑧h⑧d⑧d⑧s⑧s⑧y as egg
as ,@⑧s⑧s⑧s⑧s•⑧•⑧
⑧y⑧y⑧f⑧f⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧f
⑧
⑧ ⑧⑧
⑧d ⑧t⑧y
⑧rg⑧s⑧⑧⑧r⑧⑧r⑧⑧s
⑧d⑧f⑧y⑧f⑧y ⑧f torr -
obsolete unit of pressure


qq.gg ⑧y⑧f⑧y⑧D
⑧④ as
⑧y⑧y⑧y⑧f⑧f⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧f⑧D⑧D ⑧
egg barometer -
an lstrument used to measure atmospheric pressure
⑧⑧ as
⑧d⑧s⑧y⑧g⑧r⑧y⑧g ⑧r⑧s⑧r⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧g⑧d⑧y pg
⑧D⑧D⑧t⑧y⑧y⑧y⑧y⑧y⑧y ⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧t⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧t ⑧D
egg ⑧d⑧d⑧f⑧d⑧t⑧d⑧d⑧d⑧t⑧h standard atmosphere unit of pressure equal to the mean atmospheric
-




⑧f⑧g⑧f⑧g⑧y⑧y⑧y⑧y⑧gas
,

8D Pressure at sea level
⑧⑧ ⑧ ⑧s⑧s⑧s⑧s⑧s⑧s⑧s
⑧s⑧s⑧s⑧s⑧g ⑧⑧ ⑧ egg
⑧y⑧y⑧y⑧y⑧y ⑧y ⑧y⑧f ⑧g ⑧d⑧t⑧f⑧t⑧d⑧t⑧t⑧d⑧d⑧t egg 8D ⑧f s hypothesis equal volumes of all
Avogadro
-

gases at the same temperature
⑧f⑧D⑧D⑧f⑧f⑧D⑧D⑧f⑧g⑧D and pressure contain equal
numbers of particles




can be used to
The The ideal gas equation
G- / us sacs law of combining volumes volume of gases taking part chemical reaction show simple whole number ratios
-

in a
ay molecular masses of gases
when those volumes
are measured at the same temperature and pressure . calculate the
to one another


"
boyles
/①
law -
The pressure and volume of


,ifN=¥¥=(}°z?z¥?m%%µ_,ygza
a
gas have an inverse relationship
= 4 036
' × MO /

Charles law -
a statement that the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
,gµg_
pressure remains constant


0.286 grams of chlorine gas = 4.036×10 3m01
-




absolute / Kelvin temperature scale -
TIK = -1/8+273.15

absolute Zero the lowest temperature 0 286
-

that is
theoretically possible ,
at which the motion of particles that constitutes heat -


grams
would be minimal I t . is zero on the Kelvin scale , equivalent to -273.15°C or -459.67°F
70-9
¥ÉmoT grams I 1. 00m01
=




4- MT
-



Helium sample




÷m7÷.=÷:
Yi 10.0°C -1273.15=283.214
Ti 20°C 1000°C
Values of Vrms for four gases and
=
at

Tf -196°C +273.15=77
K



'=m)
=
'
"f
G-as → Molar / kg moi -7-1=204 1000%
(1-251)%7%-21<-1--0.34
mass →t =
Vf
.

= L
If
Hz → 0.0020 → 1900 → 4000
Solving
for Hf Hi
=


N2 → 0.0280 → 510--7 1060

02 → 0.0320 → 480 → 1000
and temperature
Equal Volumes of gases at the same pressure
contain equal numbers of molecules
coz → 0.0440 → 410 → 850



a) hydrogen gas + chlorine gas =
hydrogen chlorine gas
2 volumes
Most of the volume of a gas Is empty space
I 11014 me 1- I 11014 me =




and
b) hydrogen gas +
The volume of gas is
inversely proportional to Its pressure
oxygen gas = gaseous vapor
to its Kelvin temperature
directly proportional
2 Volumes + 1 volume = 2 volumes



c) hydrogen
3 Volumes
gas +


+
nitrogen gas
1 volume =
= ammonia

2 volumes
gas
µ ✗
f-
(constant temperature)
The Ideal gas equation -
is a combination
11 =
§
of Boyles , Charles, and Avogadroslaw .




( fixed P and T) 2 HCl (g)
11 ✗ n Hz (g) +
Clz (g) =



1 molecule 1 molecule 2 molecules
µ ✗
f- (fixed 1- and n)
1 volume 1 volume z volumes



11 ✗ T (fixed Pandi n)
2 Hz (g) + 02 = 21-1,0
molecule 2 molecules
2 molecules
1

1 volume 2 volumes
2 volumes