7 steps of mathematical models - answer-1. Real world problem observed
2. Mathematical model devised
3. Predictions made
4. Experimental data collected
5. Predictions compared to observed outcomes
6. Statistical test assesses success of model
7. Model is refined
Addition rule - answer-P(AUB)=P(A)+P(B)-P(AnB)
Coding regression line - answer-Different
Substitute coded formula into the coded regression line and simplify
Coding standard deviation - answer-x and divide only make a difference
Complementary probability - answer-P(A')=1-P(A)
Conditional probability - answer-P(A|B)=P(AnB)/P(B)
Continuous variable - answer-Takes any value in a given range
Correlation coefficient - answer-r=1 perfect positive linear correlation
r=-1 perfect negative linear correlation
Not affected by coding
Cumulative frequency - answer-Running total of frequencies
Cumulative frequency distribution - answer-F(x)=P(X<=x)
Discrete uniform distribution - answer-Each value equally likely
Discrete uniform distribution E(X) - answer-(n+1)/2
Discrete uniform distribution Var(X) - answer-(n+1)(n-1)/12
Discrete variable - answer-Only takes certain values in a given range
E(aX+b) - answer-aE(X)+b
Event - answer-Collection of one or more outcomes
Expected value - answer-E(X)=ΣxP(x)
Mean
DON'T DIVIDE
Experiment - answer-Repeatable process with numerous outcomes
Extrapolation - answer-Estimating the value of the dependent variable outside the range of data