NEW 2025-2026 CPHON EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Auer rods: ANSWER AML's distinctive characteristic
Leukaemia: ANSWER cancer of the blood and organs that make blood, such as
the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow
More than 90% of patients with ALL have ANSWER Ploidy, a cytogenetic
abnormality that involves the number of chromosomes and structures
(translocation).
ANSWER: Hyperdiploidy in ALL Above 46; preferable if not above 50
ANSWER Trisomy 21, Schwachman Diamond Syndrome, neurofibromatosis,
Fanconi anaemia, Bloom syndrome, and ataxia telanflectasia are genetic
correlations with leukocytes.
Positive AML-ANSWER Age >2, female, WBC <50K, BMI between 11 and
94th percentile, no extramedullary illness, and Down syndrome
Positive ALL-ANSWER WBC <50,000, age 2–10 during diagnosis, and neg
MRD on day 29
MRD-ANSWER Use DNA-PCR probes to measure the ratio of leukaemia cells
to normal bone marrow cells; an elevated ratio indicates a poor prognosis and a
higher chance of relapse.
The target is less than 5% of blasts.
Leukaemia chemotherapy consolidation: ANSWER Peg, oral MTX, VCR,
doxo, corticosteroid, cytarabine, and 6MP
Leukaemia Maintenance Chemotherapy: ANSWER 2–3 years Corticosteroid,
VCR, MTX, 6MP, and CNS prophylaxis
Leukaemia Classifications: ANSWER French American British and WHO
, ANSWER: Immunophenotyping Monoclonal antibodies that arise in reaction
to variations in cell surface antigen expression: 80% of ALL patients had a
CD10 positive test result.
EVERY ANSWER TLS's most frequent risk
The most frequent risk for DIC is AML.
Teenagers: ANSWER The age group most frequently diagnosed with
lymphoma
Answer for Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Originating in immune system cells and
organs, the lymphoid lineage is more systemic, expands quickly, erratically, and
frequently violently.
Risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma - ANSWER Wiskott's Aldrich Syndrome,
ataxia telanfiectisa, post-BMT, SCIDS, AIDS, and other immunosuppressive
conditions increase the risk.
EBV: ANSWER Although the exact role is unknown, it is believed to occur
before or after b-cell transformation with Burkitts
There are four categories of non-Hodgkins cells: Burkitts, diffuse big B cells,
anaplastic large cells, and ANSWER Precursor (lymphoblastic).
Answer: 3–7 days of cytarabine, doxo, 6tg, prednisone, vp16; abx and
antifungal prophylaxis is the induction chemotherapy for AML.
ANSWER: Diploid with 46 chromosomes
Non-Hodgkins staging: ANSWER Murphy (St Jude) or Ann Arbour
ANSWER: Good prognosis for non-Hodgkins Primary tumour stage 1 or 2 of
the head, neck, LN, or GI
Unfavourable prognosis for non-Hodgkins Treatment-related issues include
incomplete remission, elevated tumour burden, and LDH > 1000.
ANSWERS
Auer rods: ANSWER AML's distinctive characteristic
Leukaemia: ANSWER cancer of the blood and organs that make blood, such as
the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow
More than 90% of patients with ALL have ANSWER Ploidy, a cytogenetic
abnormality that involves the number of chromosomes and structures
(translocation).
ANSWER: Hyperdiploidy in ALL Above 46; preferable if not above 50
ANSWER Trisomy 21, Schwachman Diamond Syndrome, neurofibromatosis,
Fanconi anaemia, Bloom syndrome, and ataxia telanflectasia are genetic
correlations with leukocytes.
Positive AML-ANSWER Age >2, female, WBC <50K, BMI between 11 and
94th percentile, no extramedullary illness, and Down syndrome
Positive ALL-ANSWER WBC <50,000, age 2–10 during diagnosis, and neg
MRD on day 29
MRD-ANSWER Use DNA-PCR probes to measure the ratio of leukaemia cells
to normal bone marrow cells; an elevated ratio indicates a poor prognosis and a
higher chance of relapse.
The target is less than 5% of blasts.
Leukaemia chemotherapy consolidation: ANSWER Peg, oral MTX, VCR,
doxo, corticosteroid, cytarabine, and 6MP
Leukaemia Maintenance Chemotherapy: ANSWER 2–3 years Corticosteroid,
VCR, MTX, 6MP, and CNS prophylaxis
Leukaemia Classifications: ANSWER French American British and WHO
, ANSWER: Immunophenotyping Monoclonal antibodies that arise in reaction
to variations in cell surface antigen expression: 80% of ALL patients had a
CD10 positive test result.
EVERY ANSWER TLS's most frequent risk
The most frequent risk for DIC is AML.
Teenagers: ANSWER The age group most frequently diagnosed with
lymphoma
Answer for Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Originating in immune system cells and
organs, the lymphoid lineage is more systemic, expands quickly, erratically, and
frequently violently.
Risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma - ANSWER Wiskott's Aldrich Syndrome,
ataxia telanfiectisa, post-BMT, SCIDS, AIDS, and other immunosuppressive
conditions increase the risk.
EBV: ANSWER Although the exact role is unknown, it is believed to occur
before or after b-cell transformation with Burkitts
There are four categories of non-Hodgkins cells: Burkitts, diffuse big B cells,
anaplastic large cells, and ANSWER Precursor (lymphoblastic).
Answer: 3–7 days of cytarabine, doxo, 6tg, prednisone, vp16; abx and
antifungal prophylaxis is the induction chemotherapy for AML.
ANSWER: Diploid with 46 chromosomes
Non-Hodgkins staging: ANSWER Murphy (St Jude) or Ann Arbour
ANSWER: Good prognosis for non-Hodgkins Primary tumour stage 1 or 2 of
the head, neck, LN, or GI
Unfavourable prognosis for non-Hodgkins Treatment-related issues include
incomplete remission, elevated tumour burden, and LDH > 1000.
