Quantitative Chemical Analysis Chapter 6 Exam Questions with Verified Solutions (Graded A+)

Quantitative Chemical Analysis Chapter 6 Exam Questions with Verified Solutions (Graded A+) Acid - Answers A substance that increases the concentration of H+ when added to water acid dissociation constant (Ka) - Answers Equilibrium constant for the reaction of an acid, HA, with H20 ka=products/reactants Acidic solution - Answers a solution in which [H+] is greater than [OH-] Amine - Answers a compound with the general formula RNH2, R2NH, or R3N, where R is any group of atoms Ammonium ion - Answers NH4+ Aprotic solvent - Answers one that cannot donate protons (hydrogen ions) in an acid-base reaction Autoprotolysis - Answers the reaction in which two molecules of the same species transfer a proton from one to the other Ex. CH3OH+CH3OH=CH3OH2+CH3O- Base - Answers A substance that decreases the concentration of H+ when added to water Base hydrolysis constant (Kb) - Answers the equilibrium constant for the reaction of a base, B, with H2O Kb=products/reactants Basic solution - Answers contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions Bronsted-Lowry acid - Answers proton donor Entropy - Answers a measure of the disorder of a system Equilibrium constant - Answers the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium, with each concentration raised to a power equal to the number of moles of that substance in the balanced chemical equation Keq= products/reactants Exothermic - Answers Change in H is negative, heat is given off when products form Gibbs Free Energy - Answers the energy of a system that is available to do work at a constant temperature and pressure Hydronium ion - Answers H3O+ Ion pair - Answers A closely associated anion and cation, held together by electrostatic attraction. In solvents less polar than water, ions are usually found as ion pairs. Le Chatelier's Principle - Answers If a system at equilibrium is disturbed by a change in temperature, pressure, or the concentration of one of the components, the system will shift its equilibrium position so as to counteract the effect of the disturbance Lewis acid - Answers electron pair acceptor Lewis Base - Answers electron pair donor Ligand - Answers An atom or a group attached to a central atom in a molecule. AKA any group attached to anything else of interest Neutralization - Answers A reaction of an acid with a base, yielding a solution that is not as acidic or basic as the starting solutions were.