Algebra and Trigonometry 4th Edition Stewart SOLUTIONS MANUAL
CONTENTS
¥ PROLOGUE: PrinciplesofProblemSolvingDP D P D P 1
CHAPTER D P P PREREQUISITES 3
P.1 ModelingtheReal Worldwith Algebra DP DP D P D P 3
P.2 Real Numbers 4
DP D P D P
P.3 Integer Exponents and Scientific Notation
DP DP DP DP 9
P.4 RationalExponentsandRadicals D P D P 14
P.5 AlgebraicExpressions 18 D P
P.6 Factoring 22 D P
P.7 RationalExpressions D P 27
P.8 SolvingBasicEquations D P D P 34
P.9 ModelingwithEquations D P D P 39
Chapter PReview DP D P D P 45
ChapterPTest 51 D P
¥ FOCUSONMODELING:MakingtheBestDecisions 54
CHAPTER D P 1 EQUATIONS AND GRAPHS DP DP 57
1.1 TheCoordinatePlane 57 D P D P
1.2 Graphs of Equations in Two Variables; Circles
DP DP DP DP DP DP 65
1.3 Lines 79 D P
1.4 SolvingQuadraticEquations D P 90
1.5 ComplexNumbers D P 98
1.6 SolvingOtherTypesofEquations D P D P 101
1.7 Solving Inequalities
DP D P D P 110
1.8 Solving Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities 129
DP DP DP DP DP
1.9 Solving Equations and Inequalities Graphically
DP DP DP DP 131
1.10 Modeling Variation 139 DP D P
Chapter 1 Review DP DP D P D P 143
Chapter1Test 161 D P
iii
,iv Contents
¥ FOCUS ON MODELING: Fitting Linesto Data 165
DP DP DP DP DP
CHAPTER D P 2 FUNCTIONS 169
2.1 Functions 169 D P
2.2 GraphsofFunctions D P D P 178
2.3 GettingInformationfromtheGraphofaFunction D P D P 190
2.4 AverageRateof ChangeofaFunction DP D P D P 201
2.5 LinearFunctionsandModels 206 D P D P
2.6 TransformationsofFunctions 212 D P
2.7 CombiningFunctions 226 D P DP
2.8 One-to-One Functions andTheir Inverses
DP DP DP 234
Chapter 2 Review 243
DP DP D P D P
Chapter2Test 255 D P
¥ FOCUSONMODELING:ModelingwithFunctions D P D P 259
CHAPTER D P 3 POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL DP DP DP FUNCTIONS 267
3.1 Quadratic Functionsand Models
DP DP 267
3.2 Polynomial Functions and Their Graphs
DP DP DP DP 276
3.3 DividingPolynomials D P D P 291
3.4 RealZerosofPolynomials D P D P 301
3.5 ComplexZerosandtheFundamentalTheoremofAlgebra 334
3.6 RationalFunctions 344 D P D P
Chapter 3 Review 377
DP DP D P D P
Chapter3Test 395 D P
¥ FOCUSONMODELING:FittingPolynomialCurvestoData 398
CHAPTER D P 4 EXPONENTIALAND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS DP DP 401
4.1 ExponentialFunctions 401 D P
4.2 TheNaturalExponentialFunction D P 409
4.3 LogarithmicFunctions D P 414
4.4 Laws of Logarithms
DP DP 422
4.5 ExponentialandLogarithmicEquations 426 D P
, Contents v
4.6 ModelingwithExponentialFunctions D P 433
4.7 Logarithmic Scales DP D P DP 438
Chapter 4 Review
DP DP D P D P 440
Chapter4Test 448 D P
¥ FOCUSONMODELING:FittingExponentialandPowerCurvestoData D P D P 450
CHAPTER D P 5 TRIGONOMETRIC DP FUNCTIONS: RIGHT TRIANGLE APPROACH DP DP DP 455
5.1 AngleMeasure D P D P 455
5.2 Trigonometry ofRight Triangles DP DP 459
5.3 TrigonometricFunctionsofAngles D P 464
5.4 nverseTrigonometricFunctionsandRightTriangles 468 D P
5.5 TheLawofSines 471 D P D P
5.6 TheLaw of Cosines 476
DP DP D P D P
Chapter 5 Review 481
DP DP D P D P
Chapter5Test 486 D P
¥ FOCUS ON MODELING: Surveying
DP DP DP D P DP 536
CHAPTER D P 6 TRIGONOMETRIC DP FUNCTIONS: UNIT CIRCLE APPROACH DP DP DP 491
6.1 TheUnit Circle 491 DP D P D P
6.2 Trigonometric Functions ofReal Numbers DP DP DP 495
6.3 Trigonometric Graphs 500 DP
6.4 More Trigonometric Graphs
DP DP 511
6.5 nverse Trigonometric Functions andTheir Graphs
DP DP DP DP 519
6.6 ModelingHarmonicMotion 521 D P
Chapter 6 Review
DP DP D P D P 527
Chapter6Test 534 D P
¥ FOCUSONMODELING:FittingSinusoidalCurvestoData D P D P 487
CHAPTER D P 7 ANALYTIC DP TRIGONOMETRY 541
7.1 Trigonometric Identities 541 DP
7.2 AdditionandSubtractionFormulas 549 D P
7.3 Double-Angle, Half-Angle, and Product-Sum Formulas
DP DP DP DP 556
, vi Contents
BasicTrigonometricEquations 567
More Trigonometric Equations
DP DP 571 Chapter 7DP DP
Review 578
Chapter7Test 584 D P
¥ FOCUSONMODELING:TravelingandStandingWaves 586
DP
CHAPTER DP 8 POLAR COORDINATES AND PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS
D P DP DP DP DP 589
8.1 PolarCoordinates 589 D P
8.2 GraphsofPolarEquations D P D P 593
8.3 Polar Form of Complex Numbers; De Moivre’s Theorem 600
DP DP DP DP DP DP DP
8.4 Plane Curves andParametric Equations
DP DP DP 612
Chapter 8 Review DP DP D P D P 623
Chapter8Test 630 D P
¥ FOCUS ONMODELING: ThePathofaProjectile
DP DP D P D P 631
CHAPTER D P 9 VECTORS IN TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONS DP DP DP DP DP 635
9.1 VectorsinTwoDimensions 635 D P DP
9.2 TheDotProduct 641 D P D P
9.3 Three-Dimensional Coordinate Geometry DP DP 644
9.4 VectorsinThreeDimensions 646 D P
9.5 TheCrossProduct 649 D P D P
9.6 EquationsofLinesandPlanes 652 D P D P
Chapter 9 Review DP DP D P D P 654
Chapter9Test 658 D P
¥ FOCUSONMODELING: VectorFields DP D P D P 659
CHAPTER D P 10 SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES DP DP DP DP 663
10.1 SystemsofLinearEquationsinTwoVariables D P D P 663
10.2 SystemsofLinearEquationsinSeveralVariables D P D P 670
10.3 PartialFractions 678 D P D P
10.4 SystemsofNonlinearEquations D P 689
10.5 SystemsofInequalities D P D P 696
CONTENTS
¥ PROLOGUE: PrinciplesofProblemSolvingDP D P D P 1
CHAPTER D P P PREREQUISITES 3
P.1 ModelingtheReal Worldwith Algebra DP DP D P D P 3
P.2 Real Numbers 4
DP D P D P
P.3 Integer Exponents and Scientific Notation
DP DP DP DP 9
P.4 RationalExponentsandRadicals D P D P 14
P.5 AlgebraicExpressions 18 D P
P.6 Factoring 22 D P
P.7 RationalExpressions D P 27
P.8 SolvingBasicEquations D P D P 34
P.9 ModelingwithEquations D P D P 39
Chapter PReview DP D P D P 45
ChapterPTest 51 D P
¥ FOCUSONMODELING:MakingtheBestDecisions 54
CHAPTER D P 1 EQUATIONS AND GRAPHS DP DP 57
1.1 TheCoordinatePlane 57 D P D P
1.2 Graphs of Equations in Two Variables; Circles
DP DP DP DP DP DP 65
1.3 Lines 79 D P
1.4 SolvingQuadraticEquations D P 90
1.5 ComplexNumbers D P 98
1.6 SolvingOtherTypesofEquations D P D P 101
1.7 Solving Inequalities
DP D P D P 110
1.8 Solving Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities 129
DP DP DP DP DP
1.9 Solving Equations and Inequalities Graphically
DP DP DP DP 131
1.10 Modeling Variation 139 DP D P
Chapter 1 Review DP DP D P D P 143
Chapter1Test 161 D P
iii
,iv Contents
¥ FOCUS ON MODELING: Fitting Linesto Data 165
DP DP DP DP DP
CHAPTER D P 2 FUNCTIONS 169
2.1 Functions 169 D P
2.2 GraphsofFunctions D P D P 178
2.3 GettingInformationfromtheGraphofaFunction D P D P 190
2.4 AverageRateof ChangeofaFunction DP D P D P 201
2.5 LinearFunctionsandModels 206 D P D P
2.6 TransformationsofFunctions 212 D P
2.7 CombiningFunctions 226 D P DP
2.8 One-to-One Functions andTheir Inverses
DP DP DP 234
Chapter 2 Review 243
DP DP D P D P
Chapter2Test 255 D P
¥ FOCUSONMODELING:ModelingwithFunctions D P D P 259
CHAPTER D P 3 POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL DP DP DP FUNCTIONS 267
3.1 Quadratic Functionsand Models
DP DP 267
3.2 Polynomial Functions and Their Graphs
DP DP DP DP 276
3.3 DividingPolynomials D P D P 291
3.4 RealZerosofPolynomials D P D P 301
3.5 ComplexZerosandtheFundamentalTheoremofAlgebra 334
3.6 RationalFunctions 344 D P D P
Chapter 3 Review 377
DP DP D P D P
Chapter3Test 395 D P
¥ FOCUSONMODELING:FittingPolynomialCurvestoData 398
CHAPTER D P 4 EXPONENTIALAND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS DP DP 401
4.1 ExponentialFunctions 401 D P
4.2 TheNaturalExponentialFunction D P 409
4.3 LogarithmicFunctions D P 414
4.4 Laws of Logarithms
DP DP 422
4.5 ExponentialandLogarithmicEquations 426 D P
, Contents v
4.6 ModelingwithExponentialFunctions D P 433
4.7 Logarithmic Scales DP D P DP 438
Chapter 4 Review
DP DP D P D P 440
Chapter4Test 448 D P
¥ FOCUSONMODELING:FittingExponentialandPowerCurvestoData D P D P 450
CHAPTER D P 5 TRIGONOMETRIC DP FUNCTIONS: RIGHT TRIANGLE APPROACH DP DP DP 455
5.1 AngleMeasure D P D P 455
5.2 Trigonometry ofRight Triangles DP DP 459
5.3 TrigonometricFunctionsofAngles D P 464
5.4 nverseTrigonometricFunctionsandRightTriangles 468 D P
5.5 TheLawofSines 471 D P D P
5.6 TheLaw of Cosines 476
DP DP D P D P
Chapter 5 Review 481
DP DP D P D P
Chapter5Test 486 D P
¥ FOCUS ON MODELING: Surveying
DP DP DP D P DP 536
CHAPTER D P 6 TRIGONOMETRIC DP FUNCTIONS: UNIT CIRCLE APPROACH DP DP DP 491
6.1 TheUnit Circle 491 DP D P D P
6.2 Trigonometric Functions ofReal Numbers DP DP DP 495
6.3 Trigonometric Graphs 500 DP
6.4 More Trigonometric Graphs
DP DP 511
6.5 nverse Trigonometric Functions andTheir Graphs
DP DP DP DP 519
6.6 ModelingHarmonicMotion 521 D P
Chapter 6 Review
DP DP D P D P 527
Chapter6Test 534 D P
¥ FOCUSONMODELING:FittingSinusoidalCurvestoData D P D P 487
CHAPTER D P 7 ANALYTIC DP TRIGONOMETRY 541
7.1 Trigonometric Identities 541 DP
7.2 AdditionandSubtractionFormulas 549 D P
7.3 Double-Angle, Half-Angle, and Product-Sum Formulas
DP DP DP DP 556
, vi Contents
BasicTrigonometricEquations 567
More Trigonometric Equations
DP DP 571 Chapter 7DP DP
Review 578
Chapter7Test 584 D P
¥ FOCUSONMODELING:TravelingandStandingWaves 586
DP
CHAPTER DP 8 POLAR COORDINATES AND PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS
D P DP DP DP DP 589
8.1 PolarCoordinates 589 D P
8.2 GraphsofPolarEquations D P D P 593
8.3 Polar Form of Complex Numbers; De Moivre’s Theorem 600
DP DP DP DP DP DP DP
8.4 Plane Curves andParametric Equations
DP DP DP 612
Chapter 8 Review DP DP D P D P 623
Chapter8Test 630 D P
¥ FOCUS ONMODELING: ThePathofaProjectile
DP DP D P D P 631
CHAPTER D P 9 VECTORS IN TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONS DP DP DP DP DP 635
9.1 VectorsinTwoDimensions 635 D P DP
9.2 TheDotProduct 641 D P D P
9.3 Three-Dimensional Coordinate Geometry DP DP 644
9.4 VectorsinThreeDimensions 646 D P
9.5 TheCrossProduct 649 D P D P
9.6 EquationsofLinesandPlanes 652 D P D P
Chapter 9 Review DP DP D P D P 654
Chapter9Test 658 D P
¥ FOCUSONMODELING: VectorFields DP D P D P 659
CHAPTER D P 10 SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES DP DP DP DP 663
10.1 SystemsofLinearEquationsinTwoVariables D P D P 663
10.2 SystemsofLinearEquationsinSeveralVariables D P D P 670
10.3 PartialFractions 678 D P D P
10.4 SystemsofNonlinearEquations D P 689
10.5 SystemsofInequalities D P D P 696