BSNC 3000 Midterm (Module 1-6) questions with
correct answers
ambulatory surgery Correct Answer-includes outpatient, same-day, or
short-stay surgery that does not require an overnight hospital stay
what is included in a CBC? Correct Answer-hematocrit, hemoglobin, red
cell count, white cell count, platelet count.
What does NPO stand for and what does it mean? Correct Answer-nil
per os (nothing by mouth)
Why are pt NPO before surgery Correct Answer-dec risk of aspiration
- dec gastric volume and acidity
carb loading pre-op Correct Answer-2-4hr before
fasted -> fed
dec post-op insulin resistance, thirst, hunger, anxiety, nausea, and
muscle protein loss
what does ERAS stand for? Correct Answer-Enhanced Recovery After
Surgery
balanced anesthesia Correct Answer-the practice of using combinations
of different drug classes rather than a single drug to produce anesthesia
- reduce total dose of one -> dec side effects
,Stages of General Anesthesia Correct Answer-induction, maintenance,
recovery
- maintenance at stage 3 (sk muscle relaxation) = safe
Types of general anesthesia Correct Answer-IV, inhaled gases and
volatile liquids
IV GA Correct Answer-propofol
midazolam
ketamine
*induction mainly (rapid, but short duration)
used for maintenance too
inhaled gases GA Correct Answer-nitrous oxide
*no muscle relaxation
volatile liquids GA Correct Answer-deflurane
sevoflurane
*maintenance mainly (slower but more predictable)
used in induction too
,adverse effects of GA Correct Answer-respiratory depression, unable to
maintain airway
hypotension, dysrhythmias
urinary retention, n/v
hypothermia, malignant hyperthermia
spinal anesthesia Correct Answer-regional anesthesia produced by
injecting medication into the subarachnoid space
- L3/4/5
- greater effect in lower extremities/pelvis
epidural anesthesia Correct Answer-regional anesthesia produced by
injecting medication into the epidural space
- does not cross dura mater
- affects spinal nerves nearby
- any level of spinal cord
peripheral nerve block Correct Answer-regional anesthesia into specific
nerve or nerve plexus (e.g. brachial plexus)
local anesthesia Correct Answer-causes the loss of sensation in a limited
area by injecting an anesthetic solution near that area
- blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels -> inhibits AP generation and
propagation
, - fewer adverse effects (bc not systemic)
e.g. lidocaine or bupivacaine
post dural puncture headache Correct Answer-Caused by a leakage of
CSF after spinal surgery.
Increased pressure on the brain by a decrease of fluid surrounding your
brain. More present when standing versus laying down
assessments r/t general and spinal anesthesia (post-op) Correct Answer--
VS (BP, HR, RR, O2, T)
- pain assessment
- LOC, mental status assessment
- motor block assessment
- dermatome assessment
stressors post-op Correct Answer-pain!!
tissue injury!
blood loss/hemorrhage!
infection (and other complications of sx)
sleep disturbance
hospital env
fear of surgical outcome etc.
correct answers
ambulatory surgery Correct Answer-includes outpatient, same-day, or
short-stay surgery that does not require an overnight hospital stay
what is included in a CBC? Correct Answer-hematocrit, hemoglobin, red
cell count, white cell count, platelet count.
What does NPO stand for and what does it mean? Correct Answer-nil
per os (nothing by mouth)
Why are pt NPO before surgery Correct Answer-dec risk of aspiration
- dec gastric volume and acidity
carb loading pre-op Correct Answer-2-4hr before
fasted -> fed
dec post-op insulin resistance, thirst, hunger, anxiety, nausea, and
muscle protein loss
what does ERAS stand for? Correct Answer-Enhanced Recovery After
Surgery
balanced anesthesia Correct Answer-the practice of using combinations
of different drug classes rather than a single drug to produce anesthesia
- reduce total dose of one -> dec side effects
,Stages of General Anesthesia Correct Answer-induction, maintenance,
recovery
- maintenance at stage 3 (sk muscle relaxation) = safe
Types of general anesthesia Correct Answer-IV, inhaled gases and
volatile liquids
IV GA Correct Answer-propofol
midazolam
ketamine
*induction mainly (rapid, but short duration)
used for maintenance too
inhaled gases GA Correct Answer-nitrous oxide
*no muscle relaxation
volatile liquids GA Correct Answer-deflurane
sevoflurane
*maintenance mainly (slower but more predictable)
used in induction too
,adverse effects of GA Correct Answer-respiratory depression, unable to
maintain airway
hypotension, dysrhythmias
urinary retention, n/v
hypothermia, malignant hyperthermia
spinal anesthesia Correct Answer-regional anesthesia produced by
injecting medication into the subarachnoid space
- L3/4/5
- greater effect in lower extremities/pelvis
epidural anesthesia Correct Answer-regional anesthesia produced by
injecting medication into the epidural space
- does not cross dura mater
- affects spinal nerves nearby
- any level of spinal cord
peripheral nerve block Correct Answer-regional anesthesia into specific
nerve or nerve plexus (e.g. brachial plexus)
local anesthesia Correct Answer-causes the loss of sensation in a limited
area by injecting an anesthetic solution near that area
- blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels -> inhibits AP generation and
propagation
, - fewer adverse effects (bc not systemic)
e.g. lidocaine or bupivacaine
post dural puncture headache Correct Answer-Caused by a leakage of
CSF after spinal surgery.
Increased pressure on the brain by a decrease of fluid surrounding your
brain. More present when standing versus laying down
assessments r/t general and spinal anesthesia (post-op) Correct Answer--
VS (BP, HR, RR, O2, T)
- pain assessment
- LOC, mental status assessment
- motor block assessment
- dermatome assessment
stressors post-op Correct Answer-pain!!
tissue injury!
blood loss/hemorrhage!
infection (and other complications of sx)
sleep disturbance
hospital env
fear of surgical outcome etc.
