©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
13/11/2024 9:50AM
Epidemiology Modified Exam
Questions And Improved Answers
The nature of the data affects the types of statistical analyses and inferences that are possible.
- answers✔✔True
The epidemiologic and clinical descriptions of a disease can be different - answers✔✔True
Rates are not, but proportions and percentages are ratios - answers✔✔False, they are all
ratios
This calculation is similar to an incidence rate but typically for a shorter time period (e.g.
time of an outbreak investigation)
a. Incidence density
b. Attack rate
c. Secondary attack rate to incidence d. Prevalence - answers✔✔B. Attack rate
When the duration of a disease becomes short and the incidence is high, the prevalence
becomes similar to incidence - answers✔✔True
For a chronic disease of high incidence and long duration, prevalence of the disease increases
relative to incidence - answers✔✔False
The incidence rate of a disease is defined as the number of new cases of the disease over a
time period divided by the total population (at risk) during the same time period times a
multiplier (e.g. 100,000) - answers✔✔True
If your population of 230,109 had 502
deaths in a year, what is the crude mortality
, ©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
13/11/2024 9:50AM
rate? - answers✔✔(502/230,109) x 100,000 = 218.2/100,000
If your expected number of deaths
(based on a standard population) was 988,
what is your Standardized Mortality Ratio? - answers✔✔502/988 x 100 = 51%
how is this interpreted?
Mortality in your population is lower than expected when compared to the standard
population.
Controlled assignment --> experimental study --> non randomized assignment (quasi-
experimental) - answers✔✔community trials
Controlled assignment --> experimental study --> randomized assignment -
answers✔✔clinical trials
Uncontrolled assignment (non randomized) --> observational studies --> sampling w/regard
to disease or effect - answers✔✔cross sectional and/or retrospective studies
Uncontrolled assignment (non randomized) --> observational studies --> time span studies/
sampling with regard to exposure, characteristic, or cause - answers✔✔prospective studies
Uncontrolled assignment (non randomized) --> observational studies --> sampling w/regard
to disease or effect --> exposure or characteristic at time of study - answers✔✔cross sectional
studies
ecologic studies
Uncontrolled assignment (non randomized) --> observational studies --> sampling w/regard
to disease or effect --> history of exposure or characteristic (prior to time of study) -
answers✔✔retrospective studies
13/11/2024 9:50AM
Epidemiology Modified Exam
Questions And Improved Answers
The nature of the data affects the types of statistical analyses and inferences that are possible.
- answers✔✔True
The epidemiologic and clinical descriptions of a disease can be different - answers✔✔True
Rates are not, but proportions and percentages are ratios - answers✔✔False, they are all
ratios
This calculation is similar to an incidence rate but typically for a shorter time period (e.g.
time of an outbreak investigation)
a. Incidence density
b. Attack rate
c. Secondary attack rate to incidence d. Prevalence - answers✔✔B. Attack rate
When the duration of a disease becomes short and the incidence is high, the prevalence
becomes similar to incidence - answers✔✔True
For a chronic disease of high incidence and long duration, prevalence of the disease increases
relative to incidence - answers✔✔False
The incidence rate of a disease is defined as the number of new cases of the disease over a
time period divided by the total population (at risk) during the same time period times a
multiplier (e.g. 100,000) - answers✔✔True
If your population of 230,109 had 502
deaths in a year, what is the crude mortality
, ©JUSTTRACY EXAM SOLUTIONS
13/11/2024 9:50AM
rate? - answers✔✔(502/230,109) x 100,000 = 218.2/100,000
If your expected number of deaths
(based on a standard population) was 988,
what is your Standardized Mortality Ratio? - answers✔✔502/988 x 100 = 51%
how is this interpreted?
Mortality in your population is lower than expected when compared to the standard
population.
Controlled assignment --> experimental study --> non randomized assignment (quasi-
experimental) - answers✔✔community trials
Controlled assignment --> experimental study --> randomized assignment -
answers✔✔clinical trials
Uncontrolled assignment (non randomized) --> observational studies --> sampling w/regard
to disease or effect - answers✔✔cross sectional and/or retrospective studies
Uncontrolled assignment (non randomized) --> observational studies --> time span studies/
sampling with regard to exposure, characteristic, or cause - answers✔✔prospective studies
Uncontrolled assignment (non randomized) --> observational studies --> sampling w/regard
to disease or effect --> exposure or characteristic at time of study - answers✔✔cross sectional
studies
ecologic studies
Uncontrolled assignment (non randomized) --> observational studies --> sampling w/regard
to disease or effect --> history of exposure or characteristic (prior to time of study) -
answers✔✔retrospective studies
