Teas science Exam 2024/2025
Macromolecules correct answerscarbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes
Carbohydrates correct answersSugars and starches, which the body breaks down into glucose
*Structural function: cellulose and chitin
*Energy storage: amylose, amylopectin, glycogen
*Recognition molecules: glycoproteins and glycolipids
Lipids correct answersFatty acids and their derivatives that are insoluble in water
* H and C and main components
* Fats
* Hydrophobic, nonpolar
* Store energy ( fats, oils, adipose )
Proteins correct answersmolecules composed of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
* Monomer: amino acids (amino group + carboxylic acid)(20 types)
* Keratin and collagen (hydrophobic) not soluble in water, found in structural protein
* Globular proteins are hydrophilic (hemoglobin, antibodies, enzymes
*Function as transport carries or signal transfer
Nucleic acids correct answersLong molecules made of nucleotides; DNA and RNA
* DNA stores genetic material
* Chromosomes
, * RNA is a messenger (mRNA) also rRNA and tRNA
Enzymes correct answersa class of proteins that catalyses chemical reactions.
* Not consumed in reaction
* Speed up reaction by lowering activation energy
* Exergonic: release energy
* Endergonic: require energy
* Energy is supplied and releases as ATP
* Lock and Key (substrate must fit into enzyme active site)
purines and pyrimidines correct answersPurines: Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines: Thymine and Cytosine
DNA and RNA correct answersMacromolecule that contains coded instructions for the body to produce
proteins
* Nucleotide: the building block of DNA and RNA
* Nitrogenous base: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
* Purines: Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines: Thymine and Cytosine
* Codon: a group of three nitrogenous bases used to synthesize amino acids (synthesized from RNA
during Translation
* Hydrogen Bonds: Connect a Purine to a Pyrimidine ( A-T ) and ( C-G ). Non-Covalent, weak. - RNA:
Uracil replaces Thymine
*Double Helix structure
Macromolecules correct answerscarbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes
Carbohydrates correct answersSugars and starches, which the body breaks down into glucose
*Structural function: cellulose and chitin
*Energy storage: amylose, amylopectin, glycogen
*Recognition molecules: glycoproteins and glycolipids
Lipids correct answersFatty acids and their derivatives that are insoluble in water
* H and C and main components
* Fats
* Hydrophobic, nonpolar
* Store energy ( fats, oils, adipose )
Proteins correct answersmolecules composed of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
* Monomer: amino acids (amino group + carboxylic acid)(20 types)
* Keratin and collagen (hydrophobic) not soluble in water, found in structural protein
* Globular proteins are hydrophilic (hemoglobin, antibodies, enzymes
*Function as transport carries or signal transfer
Nucleic acids correct answersLong molecules made of nucleotides; DNA and RNA
* DNA stores genetic material
* Chromosomes
, * RNA is a messenger (mRNA) also rRNA and tRNA
Enzymes correct answersa class of proteins that catalyses chemical reactions.
* Not consumed in reaction
* Speed up reaction by lowering activation energy
* Exergonic: release energy
* Endergonic: require energy
* Energy is supplied and releases as ATP
* Lock and Key (substrate must fit into enzyme active site)
purines and pyrimidines correct answersPurines: Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines: Thymine and Cytosine
DNA and RNA correct answersMacromolecule that contains coded instructions for the body to produce
proteins
* Nucleotide: the building block of DNA and RNA
* Nitrogenous base: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
* Purines: Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines: Thymine and Cytosine
* Codon: a group of three nitrogenous bases used to synthesize amino acids (synthesized from RNA
during Translation
* Hydrogen Bonds: Connect a Purine to a Pyrimidine ( A-T ) and ( C-G ). Non-Covalent, weak. - RNA:
Uracil replaces Thymine
*Double Helix structure
