KNES 383 Quizzes Combined | Questions and Answers

KNES 383 Quizzes Combined | Questions and Answers (T/F) Lack of energy is common reason for exercising False Which findings demonstrates using behavior modification approaches to exercise adherence is true? - A poster encouraging stair climbing use instead of taking the elevator changes people's incidences of taking the stairs - People willing to sign a statement of intent to comply with the exercise program had significantly better attendance than those refusing to sign such statement - Individuals given a choice concerning the activities they participated in had a higher level of adherence than individual's who were not given a choice In reference to Transtheoretical Model, the largest amount of change occurs between which stages? Pre-contemplation and contemplation The three basic constructs in self-determination theory: relatedness, autonomy, and competence (T/F) According to Self-Determination Theory, participants who display autonomy and are able to exercise with little to no social support have enhanced exercise adherence. False (T/F) When improving exercise adherence for individuals or group settings it is recommended to suggest a daily exercise and teach time management skills. True (T/F) Fading, according to the Reinforcement Approach is a great way to show small changes that have been made and can visually show participants progress. False (T/F) Integration of self-determination theory and the ecological model is a good predictor of enhancing exercise adherence. True The number one barrier to physical activity is: lack of time (T/F) According to research on adherence to exercise programs, what percentage of individuals starting an exercise program are likely to drop out after six months? 50% (T/F) Association means externally focusing on the environment during exercise. False The most successful intervention to reduce sedentary behavior has been: electronic monitoring devices (T/F) One of the problems with exercise adherence is exercise programs based on principles of intensity, duration, and frequency are too challenging. True Which of these statements is true to the use of a decision-balance sheet? - It involves sensitizing potential exercise participants to the positive and negative outcomes of participating in an exercise program. (T/F) Compared with men, women choose barriers to exercise that are in their control more than men. True (T/F) According to the NPR article about male eating disorders, "bro-science" is one of the leading causes of men developing eating disorders. True (T/F) Those who are more intrinsically motivated prefer sportsmanship to performance-enhancement drugs. True According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which of the following is characteristic of bulimia? An average of 2 binge-eating episodes a week for at least 3 months (T/F) if a person feels withdrawal symptoms after 24-36 hours without exercise, the individual is considered to be positively addicted to exercise False In the interview with Valerie, she mentioned some do's and don'ts when dealing with eating disorders. Which of these is a don't? Confront an athlete in a group setting The prevalence of eating disorders and disordered eating in sport has many characteristics, which of the following is true? -Female athletes, in general, report higher rates of eating disorders than male athletes -Athletes in "thin-build" sports are at a greater risk for developing anorexia or bulimia (T/F) Exercise bulimia is the same as anorexia nervosa because you purge calories by excessively exercising instead of purging by vomiting. False (T/F) Attempting to use exercise as a way to increase self-esteem can lead someone to become exercise dependent. True (T/F) Some athletes take drugs to look more attractive or meet an unrealistic standard of attractiveness. True Which of these is a symptom of a person who is negatively addicted to exercise? Increased priority given to exercise over other activities. Lance Armstrong was banned from the sport of cycling for blood doping. What is the purpose of blood doping? To get more oxygen to your muscles in order to increase endurance (T/F) Hormone and metabolic modulators are prohibited only during competition. False Which of the following is a sign of drug use? Major changes in athletic or academic performance (T/F) Binge eating is more common than anorexia and bulimia. True Eating disorders present both physical and psychological-behavioral signs. Which of the following is/are an example of a psychological sign of an eating disorder? Steven was told by the head coach of the diving team, his body weight is getting in the way of his performance. After team meals, the athletic trainer starts to notice a pattern of Steven getting up to used the restroom immediately after he finishes his meals. (T/F) According to the Ted video, depression is the leading cause of disability in the world. True (T/F) An important relationship between exercise and the effects on mood is an exercise participants perception of fitness has a great impact on the mood enhancing effects. True (T/F) An increase in serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine hormones is a symptom of clinical depression. False Which of the following regarding the relationship between exercise and depression is/are true? - The positive effects are seen across age, health status, and gender - Both aerobic and anaerobic are associated with reductions in depression (T/F) Exercise increases blood flow to the brain, increases the size of the hippocampus and improves motivation, focus and learning. True Which of the following physiological explanations has NOT been put forth to help describe the positive relationship between exercise and psychological well-being? Decreased maximal oxygen consumption to the tissues (T/F) Affect is the experience of feeling an emotion while mood is a state of emotion. True Which of these statement is true regarding the relationship between exercise and self-esteem? - Positive changes in self-esteem related to exercise have been found in normal populations. When advising a loved one to seek help for depression, it is important to provide them with the correct support. According to the Ted video, which of the following is one of many effective ways to offer help? - Provide an environment where an open conversation is available and point out that depression is a medical condition just like asthma or diabetes. If exercise can be used as an adjunct to traditional therapy then which of the following is/are true? A precise diagnosis of psychological problem and individually tailored program of exercise should be implemented. (T/F) The experience of a "runners high" comes from the same areas of the brain when someone experiences the feeling of romantic love. True One of the chronic effects of exercise on anxiety is a reduction in stress hormones such as cortisol. Which of the following is a symptom of high cortisol levels? -Weight gain, especially in the abdomen/stomach - Higher risk for bone fractures and osteoporosis (T/F) One of the chronic effects of exercise on anxiety reduction is an increase in neuromuscular tension. False According to Dr. Bill Hettler, the six dimensions of well-being are used as a guideline for attaining a whole and complete life. Which of the following is NOT considered one of the six dimensions? - Using repetitive and rhythmic exercise movements to increase mindfulness The acute effects of exercise on anxiety can last up to 24 hours. How can an individual lower anxiety and experience these effects? -Exercise for periods up to 30 minutes - Exercise at 30%-70% max heart rate (T/F) Professor Rodrigues believes, as does research show, mindfulness and meditation can enhance concentration. True In the video, TE=ested to the limit, Ronaldo switch off being fed the ball as if it were a cross from the sidelines. Ronaldo is successful because he has impeccable: Situational awareness (T/F) If you were to begin losing focus at this point in the quiz, you would now be recognizing it, regrouping by taking a deep breath or standing up to stretch, and refocusing back on the quiz. You just used the the 3 R's to refocus. True Neidefer and colleagues theorize when, for example, a quarterback shifts attentional focus to a broad external focus, one must: - Be aware of the defense, play clock and positioning of the wide receiver. Nadal and Djokovic played a 6 hour tennis match in the rain, with fatigue and delays in the match during 2012 Australian Open. This requires an expert level of which of the following: -Shifting attentional focus when necessary - Focusing on relevant environmental cues - Maintaining attentional focus over time (T/F) According to George Mumford, with high levels of success comes increased levels of anxiety. Mindfulness is a great practice to bring yourself back to prevent moment awareness and increase focus. True (T/F) In video with Cristiano Ronaldo, Tested to the Limit, Cristiano displays a narrow external focus when he is looking at the position of his opponents hips in order to plan his next move. True (T/F) Thinking of the past or future often present irrelevant cues which lead to performance errors. True Situational awareness allows one to: - Be in the right place at the right time - Avoid cell-phone related walking injuries - Pick up on relevant environmental cues - Pick up on relevant performance cues Research investigating differences between novices and experts showed that these differences are in large part due to experts' ability to: Predict the flight pattern of a ball According to the textbook, "choking" can be described as: - A process involving over-arousal and attention leading to impaired performance - Making a mistake that is emotionally important to the athlete (T/F) An external focus of attention is more beneficial to performance enhancement than an internal focus of attention True (T/F) In a study using mindfulness with marines it was found those marines who used mindfulness took longer for their heart rates and breathing rates to return to baseline. False One's ability to maintain attentional focus: is dependent on the duration and type of activity (T/F) Arizona State's student section used the "Black Curtain" by acting a short scene behind the hoop when an opponent is at the free throw line. This is an example of internal distractor. False (T/F) The root of all the irrational ideas is "The world does it to me" True The confidence-performance relationship represented in the form of an inverted-U. Performance improves as the level of confidence increases, to an optimal point, whereupon further increases in the confidence become detrimental to performance. Overconfidence is detrimental to performance because: There is a belief that you don't have to prepare yourself or exert effort to get the job done (T/F) Telling yourself how to dribble a ball through the defense is a form of motivational self-talk False