Optometry in U.S Healthcare -Exam 1 Questions & Answers 2024/2025

Optometry in U.S Healthcare -Exam 1 Questions & Answers 2024/2025 areas of specialty within optometry - ANSWER-primary care pediatrics vision rehabilitation contact lenses/cornea ocular disease primary care - ANSWER-the diagnosis and management of ocular disease, refractive error and the co-management of oculo-systemic disease, in patients from 12-100+ pediatrics - ANSWER-diagnosis and management of infants and children (6 mo-12 years) as well as Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs), developmental disabilities, strabismus and amblyopia, binocular vision disorders, accommodative and ocular motility disorders and vision-related learning problems vision rehabilitation - ANSWER-the examination, treatment and management of patients with visual impairments which cannot be fully treatable by medical, surgical or conventional eyewear or contact lenses. Can involve the use of low vision aids such as magnifiers, specialized optical systems, therapeutic filters, non-optical options, and/or video magnification, and the prescription of rehabilitation therapy to effectively maximize visual functioning for activities of daily living contact lenses/cornea - ANSWER-management of anterior segment disease including fitting of specialty contact lenses for condition including keratoconus, presbyopia, aphakia, high astigmatism, corneal reshaping, and post-surgical corneas ocular disease - ANSWER-management of ocular disease including by not limited to Neurophthalmic, vitreo-retinal, glaucoma and emergency What are the three important aspects of the eye and vision evaluated by a comprehensive eye exam? - ANSWER-Optics/Refractive error, Binocular vision/Functional vision, and Ocular Health What is emmetropia and when does it occur? - ANSWER-It is normal vision and occurs when the light passes through both the cornea and lens to focus light on the retina What is hyperopia and when does it occur? - ANSWER-It is farsightedness and occurs when the light passes through both the cornea and the lens to focus light behind the retina what is myopia and when does it occur? - ANSWER-it is nearsightedness and occurs when the eye's focusing power is too strong and focuses light in front of the retina What is the retina? - ANSWER-It is the imaging surface of the eye What is the cornea - ANSWER-It is the clear front surface of the eye What is the pupil and what is located directly behind it? - ANSWER-It is the aperture (opening) of the iris; the lens is located immediately behind the pupil When do refractive errors result? - ANSWER-They result when light entering the eye doesn't focus on the retina What do eye care providers use to correct refractive errors? - ANSWER-Optical aids such as spectacles and contact lenses or surgical procedures such as LASIK What is asthenopia? - ANSWER-It is eyestrain and can result from functional vision disorders What are dysfunctions of the vergence and accommodative systems called? - ANSWER-functional vision disorders, binocular vision disorders and near point disorders What are the symptoms caused by functional vision disorders? When do they occur? - ANSWER-They include asthenopia, headache, blurry vision double vision, tired eyes, feeling tired during periods of reading, avoidance of near activities or dislike of reading. They typically occur during or after periods of near work. In what populations do accommodative disorders have a high prevalence? - ANSWER-in the pediatric population What must the eyes do to see clearly and comfortable while looking at close objects? - ANSWER-They must work together. They must be pointed at the same object and the focusing system should work accurately and for prolonged periods of time. What can result in eye health problems? - ANSWER-A problem with the anatomical structure of the eye or a systemic medical condition that affects the eye What is an example of a problem with anatomic structure of the lens? - ANSWER-cataract What is an example of a medical condition that affects the eye? - ANSWER-hypertensive retinopathy What is DDx? - ANSWER-Differential diagnosis is a group of possible diagnoses that would account for a patient's symptoms What is Sx? - ANSWER-A symptom is subject evidence of a disease noticed by a patient. Continues....