NSG229 EXAM 1 GUIDE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Infusion therapy - ANSWER a way delivering medication that CANT BE
TAKEN ORALLY. or that needs to be dispensed at a controlled pace
-give pt med orally if possibly (if pt can swallow).
-if food restriction, give IV
Objectives of IV therapy - ANSWER • To restore and maintain fluid and
electrolyte balance
• To provide medications and chemotherapeutic agents
• To transfuse blood and blood products
• To deliver parenteral (TPN) nutrients and nutritional supplements
-CHECK IV Q2H
Types of IV fluids - ANSWER isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic
Isotonic fluids - ANSWER 0.9% Nacl
5% dextrose in water
Lactated Ringer's
-risk of fluid overload
Hypotonic fluids - ANSWER 0.45% NS
-corrects fluid and electrolyte imbalance by moving water into the cell
,hypertonic fluids - ANSWER 3% NS, 5% NS, D5W
-corrects fluid balance by moving water OUT of the cell
-pt is prob intercellularly "WET"
Nursing management of fluid volume deficit - ANSWER -I&Os: measure all
fluids that enter and leave the body
-Laboratory values: check electrolytes, CBC, and urine-specific gravity
-Cardiovascular: assess for hypotension and weak pulses (hypotension b/c
dry. no fuel)
-Respiratory: Assess respiratory system and tissue perfusion
-Assess: Check orientation, vision, hearing, reflexes, and muscle strength
-Daily weights: check for weight changes (pt wt will be low)
-Oral and skin care: check for skin breakdown and good oral care (q2h oral
care)
-BP LOW
-HR HIGH
-O2 LOW?
Nursing management of fluid volume excess - ANSWER -I/O
-daily wt
-fluid restrictions
-watch for edema
-freq respiratory assessments (cough, deep breathe, give lasix)
,-check LOC (CONFUSION = #1 SIGN OF HYPOXIA)
-turn q2h
-high fowlers
-vitals
-call dr
-reassess
fluid volume deficit - ANSWER hypovolemia, dehydration, diarrhea, DI.
• S/s: ^HR, hypotension, dysrhythmias, ^RR, dyspnea, lethargic, weakness,
decreased UO, tenting, constipation
• Rx: IVF, O2
fluid volume excess - ANSWER hypervolemia: water intoxication d/t
excessive Na intake,
• S/s: ^HR, ^BP, distended neck veins, dysrthymias, ^RR, altered LOC, ^UO,
pitting edema, diarrhea,
• Rx: diuretics, restrict fluid/Na, monitor I&O, monitor daily weight
Whole blood - ANSWER plasma = 55%
other formed elements 45%
Bone marrow - ANSWER functional site of blood formation in adults and
produced RBC
components of the blood - ANSWER RBC
WBC
, Plasma
Platelets
RBC - ANSWER largest portion of blood cells, produce hemoglobin
-120 day life cycle
hemoglobin - ANSWER An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that
reversibly binds oxygen.
WBC - ANSWER functions towards inflammation and immunity
Plasma - ANSWER liquid portion divided by 3 types of proteins
3 types of plasma proteins - ANSWER albumins, globulins, fibrinogen
Albumin - ANSWER type of plasma protein. maintains osmotic pressure of
blood (keeps plasma from leaking into tissues)
-edema ; turn, move, elevate pt
Globulins - ANSWER type of plasma protein. transports antibodies and
protects body from infection
Fibrinogen - ANSWER type of plasma protein.. critical in the blood clotting
process, forms *fibrin*
Platelets - ANSWER blood cells, formed in the marrow and stick together to
plug injured vessel wall
Erythropoietin - ANSWER selective growth of bone marrow stem cells into
mature erythrocytes. must be regulated to ensure oxygen perfusion and
clotting to occur.
-too many=thick blood decreased flow
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Infusion therapy - ANSWER a way delivering medication that CANT BE
TAKEN ORALLY. or that needs to be dispensed at a controlled pace
-give pt med orally if possibly (if pt can swallow).
-if food restriction, give IV
Objectives of IV therapy - ANSWER • To restore and maintain fluid and
electrolyte balance
• To provide medications and chemotherapeutic agents
• To transfuse blood and blood products
• To deliver parenteral (TPN) nutrients and nutritional supplements
-CHECK IV Q2H
Types of IV fluids - ANSWER isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic
Isotonic fluids - ANSWER 0.9% Nacl
5% dextrose in water
Lactated Ringer's
-risk of fluid overload
Hypotonic fluids - ANSWER 0.45% NS
-corrects fluid and electrolyte imbalance by moving water into the cell
,hypertonic fluids - ANSWER 3% NS, 5% NS, D5W
-corrects fluid balance by moving water OUT of the cell
-pt is prob intercellularly "WET"
Nursing management of fluid volume deficit - ANSWER -I&Os: measure all
fluids that enter and leave the body
-Laboratory values: check electrolytes, CBC, and urine-specific gravity
-Cardiovascular: assess for hypotension and weak pulses (hypotension b/c
dry. no fuel)
-Respiratory: Assess respiratory system and tissue perfusion
-Assess: Check orientation, vision, hearing, reflexes, and muscle strength
-Daily weights: check for weight changes (pt wt will be low)
-Oral and skin care: check for skin breakdown and good oral care (q2h oral
care)
-BP LOW
-HR HIGH
-O2 LOW?
Nursing management of fluid volume excess - ANSWER -I/O
-daily wt
-fluid restrictions
-watch for edema
-freq respiratory assessments (cough, deep breathe, give lasix)
,-check LOC (CONFUSION = #1 SIGN OF HYPOXIA)
-turn q2h
-high fowlers
-vitals
-call dr
-reassess
fluid volume deficit - ANSWER hypovolemia, dehydration, diarrhea, DI.
• S/s: ^HR, hypotension, dysrhythmias, ^RR, dyspnea, lethargic, weakness,
decreased UO, tenting, constipation
• Rx: IVF, O2
fluid volume excess - ANSWER hypervolemia: water intoxication d/t
excessive Na intake,
• S/s: ^HR, ^BP, distended neck veins, dysrthymias, ^RR, altered LOC, ^UO,
pitting edema, diarrhea,
• Rx: diuretics, restrict fluid/Na, monitor I&O, monitor daily weight
Whole blood - ANSWER plasma = 55%
other formed elements 45%
Bone marrow - ANSWER functional site of blood formation in adults and
produced RBC
components of the blood - ANSWER RBC
WBC
, Plasma
Platelets
RBC - ANSWER largest portion of blood cells, produce hemoglobin
-120 day life cycle
hemoglobin - ANSWER An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that
reversibly binds oxygen.
WBC - ANSWER functions towards inflammation and immunity
Plasma - ANSWER liquid portion divided by 3 types of proteins
3 types of plasma proteins - ANSWER albumins, globulins, fibrinogen
Albumin - ANSWER type of plasma protein. maintains osmotic pressure of
blood (keeps plasma from leaking into tissues)
-edema ; turn, move, elevate pt
Globulins - ANSWER type of plasma protein. transports antibodies and
protects body from infection
Fibrinogen - ANSWER type of plasma protein.. critical in the blood clotting
process, forms *fibrin*
Platelets - ANSWER blood cells, formed in the marrow and stick together to
plug injured vessel wall
Erythropoietin - ANSWER selective growth of bone marrow stem cells into
mature erythrocytes. must be regulated to ensure oxygen perfusion and
clotting to occur.
-too many=thick blood decreased flow
