UCSB Comm 151 Final Exam with
Complete Solutions
Deception (definition and research) Correct Ans-*Definition: sending messages designed to
foster beliefs contrary to what the message senders believe is the true state of affairs and to
convince others of their truthfulness. AKA "intentionally creating a false impression"
*54% is how good we are at detecting lies
*Burgoon: why are we so innaccurate?
1. societal biases and myths (we like to assume truth)
2. Computers may be more accurate than humans (about 80% accuracy)
3. Behaviors associated with Deception:
a) macro-behaviors rather than microbehaviors, such as gestures being overly controlled (none,
for instance), or use of too many gestures. People's non-dominant hand may leak cues.
Deceivers may give shorter stories or descriptions. Deceivers may also have higher vocal pitch
and longer pause latencies.
Theoretical Perspectives of Deception Correct Ans-*Leakage Hypothesis (Ekman): Deception
is emotionally charged and arousing; that generates involuntary indicators.
1. Deceivers focus more on managing their facial expressions than body and limb
movements....but many vocal and kinesic cues are beyond conscious control
**Four Factor Theory (Zuckerman)
,1. Changes in deceiver's behavior are the result of 4 psychological processes:
a)Physiological Arousal ("am i being detected!?")
b) Emotional Reactions (Guilt or fear of detection)
c) Cognitive Effort (Req. to form deceptive message)
d) Attempted Control (to create a truthful demeanor and suppress stereotypical deception cue)
**The harder that people try to mask deception, the worse it backfires
*Interpersonal Deception Theory (Burgoon)
1. Deceivers are motivated to protect their image and self-identities while influencing others
2. Avoid negative relational messages and send positive messages to promote trust
3. Manage emotions to minimize clues to arousal
4. Maintain controversial responsibilities
5. Receivers in turn, mask suspicions they have
6. dynamic interplay between sender and receiver
-----Empirical Evidence of Theory====
1. Deception and suspicion are strategic and non strategic
a) Involuntary actions: Longer response latencies, elevated pitch
b) Strategic Actions: restraint of random gestures and movements
2. Deceivers get better at lying over time
3. Receivers unwittingly aid deceivers in Producing more Credible Performances
a) especially if you are familiar with one another
, b) begin with a truth bias
c) telegraph their suspicions
d) respond to deceiver's submissiveness by picking up conversational lead and helping construct
account.
e) If receptive, receives a positive response from deceiver
4. Sender deception success is improved by social skill and motivation
a) those who score high on emotional and so
What are Relational Transgressions (top 3?) Correct Ans-Occur when people violate implicit
or explicit relational rules
Top 3:
1. Infidelity
2. Jealousy
3. Deception
About Infidelity:
1. It is common...about 70% of men and 57% of women
2. Reasons: Dissatisfaction, boredom, need for excitement, trying to boost self-esteem and feel
attractive, trying to get revenge, or sexual incompatibility
Responses to Infidelity:
Complete Solutions
Deception (definition and research) Correct Ans-*Definition: sending messages designed to
foster beliefs contrary to what the message senders believe is the true state of affairs and to
convince others of their truthfulness. AKA "intentionally creating a false impression"
*54% is how good we are at detecting lies
*Burgoon: why are we so innaccurate?
1. societal biases and myths (we like to assume truth)
2. Computers may be more accurate than humans (about 80% accuracy)
3. Behaviors associated with Deception:
a) macro-behaviors rather than microbehaviors, such as gestures being overly controlled (none,
for instance), or use of too many gestures. People's non-dominant hand may leak cues.
Deceivers may give shorter stories or descriptions. Deceivers may also have higher vocal pitch
and longer pause latencies.
Theoretical Perspectives of Deception Correct Ans-*Leakage Hypothesis (Ekman): Deception
is emotionally charged and arousing; that generates involuntary indicators.
1. Deceivers focus more on managing their facial expressions than body and limb
movements....but many vocal and kinesic cues are beyond conscious control
**Four Factor Theory (Zuckerman)
,1. Changes in deceiver's behavior are the result of 4 psychological processes:
a)Physiological Arousal ("am i being detected!?")
b) Emotional Reactions (Guilt or fear of detection)
c) Cognitive Effort (Req. to form deceptive message)
d) Attempted Control (to create a truthful demeanor and suppress stereotypical deception cue)
**The harder that people try to mask deception, the worse it backfires
*Interpersonal Deception Theory (Burgoon)
1. Deceivers are motivated to protect their image and self-identities while influencing others
2. Avoid negative relational messages and send positive messages to promote trust
3. Manage emotions to minimize clues to arousal
4. Maintain controversial responsibilities
5. Receivers in turn, mask suspicions they have
6. dynamic interplay between sender and receiver
-----Empirical Evidence of Theory====
1. Deception and suspicion are strategic and non strategic
a) Involuntary actions: Longer response latencies, elevated pitch
b) Strategic Actions: restraint of random gestures and movements
2. Deceivers get better at lying over time
3. Receivers unwittingly aid deceivers in Producing more Credible Performances
a) especially if you are familiar with one another
, b) begin with a truth bias
c) telegraph their suspicions
d) respond to deceiver's submissiveness by picking up conversational lead and helping construct
account.
e) If receptive, receives a positive response from deceiver
4. Sender deception success is improved by social skill and motivation
a) those who score high on emotional and so
What are Relational Transgressions (top 3?) Correct Ans-Occur when people violate implicit
or explicit relational rules
Top 3:
1. Infidelity
2. Jealousy
3. Deception
About Infidelity:
1. It is common...about 70% of men and 57% of women
2. Reasons: Dissatisfaction, boredom, need for excitement, trying to boost self-esteem and feel
attractive, trying to get revenge, or sexual incompatibility
Responses to Infidelity:
