NURS 371 EXAM TEST BANK
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST 2024-2025 UPDATES
What are clinical practice guidelines? What is their importance? - Answer-○ Diagnosis
and Pre-Diagnosis Management of Patients
■ Triage of the injured patient
■ Evaluating chest pain in the emergency room
■ Using erythrocyte sedimentation rate tests in dx
■ Indications for carotid endarterectomy
■ Indications for percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography
■ Managing labor and delivery after previous cesarean section
■ Using autologous or donor blood for transfusions
■ Detecting or tracking deteriorating metabolic acidosis
■ Using oral contraceptives to prevent pregnancy and manage fertility
■ Deciding on treatment for low back pain
■ Managing patients following coronary artery bypass graft
■ Guidelines for the management of patients with psoriasis
■ Acute dysuria in the adult female
○ Statements that include recommendations for practice based on systematic review of
evidence along with the benefits and harm of interventions intended to optimize pt care
and outcomes.
○ If done well (rigorously developed) CPG can reduce variations in care and enhance
care quality and pt outcomes.
○ Not all CPG created equal, so Critical Appraisal Required
○ Validity, Reliability and Applicability of CPG before implementation
● Know the USPSTF System for Evaluating Recommendations - Answer-○ USPSTF
reviews the evidence presented by the EBP centers and estimates the magnitude of
benefits and harms for each preventive service.
■ A—The USPSTF recommends the service. There is high certainty that the net benefit
is substantial. Offer or provide this service.
■ B—The USPSTF recommends the service. There is high certainty that the net benefit
is moderate or there is moderate certainty that the net benefit is moderate to
substantial. Offer or provide the service.
■ C—The USPSTF recommends against routinely providing the service. There may be
considerations that support providing the service in an individual patient. There is at
least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small. Offer or provide this service only if
other considerations support the offering or providing the service in an individual patient.
■ D—The USPSTF recommends against the service. There is moderate or high
certainty that the service has no net benefit or that the harms outweigh the benefits.
Discourage the use of this service.
, ■ I—The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the
balance of benefits and harms of the service. Evidence is lacking, of poor quality, or
conflicting, and the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined. Read the
clinical considerations section of the USPSTF Recommendation Statement. If the
service is offered, patients should understand the uncertainty about the balance of
benefits and harms.
What is the National Guideline Clearinghouse? - Answer-○ provides a mechanism to
access detailed information on clinical practice guidelines for healthcare professionals,
healthcare systems, and the public. The purpose of the National Guideline
Clearinghouse is to further the dissemination and use of the guidelines
What are the basic steps in the development of clinical guidelines? (refer to pp247-249)
- Answer-
What was the problem they were attempting to address? - Answer-
What was their response to the lack of RCTs and higher order reports (further up the
hierarchy of evidence) in developing their clinical guidelines? - Answer-
What is the purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)? - Answer-○ Judge overall
risk/benefit of research projects, determine whether appropriate safeguards are being
implemented in research.
○ A committee that approves, monitors, and reviews research involving human
participants for the purpose of protecting the rights and welfare of research participants;
IRB can deem studies exempt, expedited, or full review
What is meant when a research protocol is "exempt" by the IRB? - Answer-○ Certain
research is exempt from the requirements of the Health and Human Services
regulations. It does not imply that investigators have no ethical responsibilities to
subjects in such research; it means that the regulatory requirements related to IRB
review, informed consent, and assurance of compliance do not apply to the research.
○ Institutions must adopt clear procedures under which the IRB, or some authority other
than the investigator, to determine whether proposed research is exempt from the HHS
regulations for the protection of human subjects.
○ Minimal risk to participants (collection of anonymous or publicly available data or
conduct of the least potentially harmful research experiments)
■ Anonymous surveys/interviews; passable observations of public behaviors w/o
collection of identifiers, retrospective chart reviews, analyses of discarded pathological
specimens w/o patient identifiers
How does the IRB determine whether a study is research with human subjects? -
Answer-○ Research projects involving human subjects require review and approval by
an Institutional Review Board. An IRB is an ethics committee composed of scientists
and non-scientists who protect the rights of human subjects involved in research.
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST 2024-2025 UPDATES
What are clinical practice guidelines? What is their importance? - Answer-○ Diagnosis
and Pre-Diagnosis Management of Patients
■ Triage of the injured patient
■ Evaluating chest pain in the emergency room
■ Using erythrocyte sedimentation rate tests in dx
■ Indications for carotid endarterectomy
■ Indications for percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography
■ Managing labor and delivery after previous cesarean section
■ Using autologous or donor blood for transfusions
■ Detecting or tracking deteriorating metabolic acidosis
■ Using oral contraceptives to prevent pregnancy and manage fertility
■ Deciding on treatment for low back pain
■ Managing patients following coronary artery bypass graft
■ Guidelines for the management of patients with psoriasis
■ Acute dysuria in the adult female
○ Statements that include recommendations for practice based on systematic review of
evidence along with the benefits and harm of interventions intended to optimize pt care
and outcomes.
○ If done well (rigorously developed) CPG can reduce variations in care and enhance
care quality and pt outcomes.
○ Not all CPG created equal, so Critical Appraisal Required
○ Validity, Reliability and Applicability of CPG before implementation
● Know the USPSTF System for Evaluating Recommendations - Answer-○ USPSTF
reviews the evidence presented by the EBP centers and estimates the magnitude of
benefits and harms for each preventive service.
■ A—The USPSTF recommends the service. There is high certainty that the net benefit
is substantial. Offer or provide this service.
■ B—The USPSTF recommends the service. There is high certainty that the net benefit
is moderate or there is moderate certainty that the net benefit is moderate to
substantial. Offer or provide the service.
■ C—The USPSTF recommends against routinely providing the service. There may be
considerations that support providing the service in an individual patient. There is at
least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small. Offer or provide this service only if
other considerations support the offering or providing the service in an individual patient.
■ D—The USPSTF recommends against the service. There is moderate or high
certainty that the service has no net benefit or that the harms outweigh the benefits.
Discourage the use of this service.
, ■ I—The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the
balance of benefits and harms of the service. Evidence is lacking, of poor quality, or
conflicting, and the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined. Read the
clinical considerations section of the USPSTF Recommendation Statement. If the
service is offered, patients should understand the uncertainty about the balance of
benefits and harms.
What is the National Guideline Clearinghouse? - Answer-○ provides a mechanism to
access detailed information on clinical practice guidelines for healthcare professionals,
healthcare systems, and the public. The purpose of the National Guideline
Clearinghouse is to further the dissemination and use of the guidelines
What are the basic steps in the development of clinical guidelines? (refer to pp247-249)
- Answer-
What was the problem they were attempting to address? - Answer-
What was their response to the lack of RCTs and higher order reports (further up the
hierarchy of evidence) in developing their clinical guidelines? - Answer-
What is the purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)? - Answer-○ Judge overall
risk/benefit of research projects, determine whether appropriate safeguards are being
implemented in research.
○ A committee that approves, monitors, and reviews research involving human
participants for the purpose of protecting the rights and welfare of research participants;
IRB can deem studies exempt, expedited, or full review
What is meant when a research protocol is "exempt" by the IRB? - Answer-○ Certain
research is exempt from the requirements of the Health and Human Services
regulations. It does not imply that investigators have no ethical responsibilities to
subjects in such research; it means that the regulatory requirements related to IRB
review, informed consent, and assurance of compliance do not apply to the research.
○ Institutions must adopt clear procedures under which the IRB, or some authority other
than the investigator, to determine whether proposed research is exempt from the HHS
regulations for the protection of human subjects.
○ Minimal risk to participants (collection of anonymous or publicly available data or
conduct of the least potentially harmful research experiments)
■ Anonymous surveys/interviews; passable observations of public behaviors w/o
collection of identifiers, retrospective chart reviews, analyses of discarded pathological
specimens w/o patient identifiers
How does the IRB determine whether a study is research with human subjects? -
Answer-○ Research projects involving human subjects require review and approval by
an Institutional Review Board. An IRB is an ethics committee composed of scientists
and non-scientists who protect the rights of human subjects involved in research.
