MASSACHUSETTS PESTICIDE APPLICATOR Final
Exam Questions With Correct Answers
Why is mutation testing used as a first screen for new compounds?☑️Correct Ans-Faster and
cheaper than animal lifetime testing
Oncogenicity☑️Correct Ans-The ability of a chemical to cause abnormal growths or tumors in
tissues
Carcinogenicity☑️Correct Ans-Ability of a substance or agent to cause malignant tumors
How do they test chemicals for their ability to cause tumors☑️Correct Ans-Administering daily
doses to animals for their entire lifetime and then dissecting them to detect presence of tumors in
the animals tissuesChronic health effect☑️Correct Ans-Problems that develop over a relatively
long period of time, following either one significant exposure that initiates a problem, or
following a series of small exposures which accumulate in some manner and result in a
development of a disease or disorder
acute toxicity☑️Correct Ans-Poisoning from a single dose over a much shorter duration of time
How soon do health effects occur from accrue toxicity?☑️Correct Ans-Within 24 hours of
exposure
Chronic health risk problems (major examples)☑️Correct Ans-Mutagenicity, oncogenicity,
carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, neurotoxicity
,Mutagenicity☑️Correct Ans-Ability of a substance or agent to cause mutations to genes or
chromosomes
Changes from mutagenicity are...☑️Correct Ans-Almost always harmful
Tests to detect mutagenicity☑️Correct Ans-Varied. Tests on cells to tests on whole animals
It's believed that chemicals that cause mutations are more likely to be ones that can also
cause...☑️Correct Ans-Cancers
A rodent carcinogenicity study takes how long typically?☑️Correct Ans-2-3 years
Pesticide companies are required to submit test data on oncogenicity from....☑️Correct Ans-
Several animal species
There are currently how many pesticide active ingredients considered known, likely, or probable
carcinogens☑️Correct Ans-Over 70
MDAR☑️Correct Ans-Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources
,Act to protect children and families from harmful pesticides☑️Correct Ans-Passed in 2000.
Pesticide products that contain carcinogens may not be used in or around schools, daycares, or
after school programs
Teratogenicity☑️Correct Ans-Ability of a substance to cause abnormal growth or deformity in
developing fetuses (birth defects)
How is teratogenicity tested☑️Correct Ans-Administering doses of chemical to female test
animals at various stages of pregnancies and observing number of miscarriages and defective
offspring verses what would normally be expected
Examples of animals used to test teratogenicity☑️Correct Ans-Rodents, rabbits, dogs, monkeys
Effects of chemicals are usually considered significant for teratogenicity if...☑️Correct Ans-
They occur at doses not toxic by themselves to the mother
Testing for teratogenicity is standard part of pesticide registration although ___________ May
exist for older chemicals☑️Correct Ans-Data gaps
Neurotoxicity☑️Correct Ans-Gradual damage to basic nerve structure. Does not refer to
reversible effects
Test animal for neurotoxicity☑️Correct Ans-Chicken
, Hepatoxicity☑️Correct Ans-Damage to liver
Nephrotoxicity☑️Correct Ans-damage to the kidneys
Immunotoxicity☑️Correct Ans-Compromise immune system
Fetotoxicity☑️Correct Ans-Direct toxic injury or death of fetus
Hemotoxic effects☑️Correct Ans-Blood disorders
Cholinesterases☑️Correct Ans-Enzymes found in humans, insects, and other species that are
necessary for normal function of the nervous system
What kind of insecticides can block or inhibit cholinesterases☑️Correct Ans-
Organophosphates, carbamates
How much exposure to cholinesterase blocking pesticides does it take to make you feel
sick☑️Correct Ans-Depends on type of product, potency of active ingredient, amount of
exposure, whether you're handling concentrated or diluted mixture
Effects of exposure to cholinesterase blocking pesticides☑️Correct Ans-May range from no
observable effects to severe illnesses or symptoms requiring hospitalization. Severe poisoning
can lead to coma or death
Exam Questions With Correct Answers
Why is mutation testing used as a first screen for new compounds?☑️Correct Ans-Faster and
cheaper than animal lifetime testing
Oncogenicity☑️Correct Ans-The ability of a chemical to cause abnormal growths or tumors in
tissues
Carcinogenicity☑️Correct Ans-Ability of a substance or agent to cause malignant tumors
How do they test chemicals for their ability to cause tumors☑️Correct Ans-Administering daily
doses to animals for their entire lifetime and then dissecting them to detect presence of tumors in
the animals tissuesChronic health effect☑️Correct Ans-Problems that develop over a relatively
long period of time, following either one significant exposure that initiates a problem, or
following a series of small exposures which accumulate in some manner and result in a
development of a disease or disorder
acute toxicity☑️Correct Ans-Poisoning from a single dose over a much shorter duration of time
How soon do health effects occur from accrue toxicity?☑️Correct Ans-Within 24 hours of
exposure
Chronic health risk problems (major examples)☑️Correct Ans-Mutagenicity, oncogenicity,
carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, neurotoxicity
,Mutagenicity☑️Correct Ans-Ability of a substance or agent to cause mutations to genes or
chromosomes
Changes from mutagenicity are...☑️Correct Ans-Almost always harmful
Tests to detect mutagenicity☑️Correct Ans-Varied. Tests on cells to tests on whole animals
It's believed that chemicals that cause mutations are more likely to be ones that can also
cause...☑️Correct Ans-Cancers
A rodent carcinogenicity study takes how long typically?☑️Correct Ans-2-3 years
Pesticide companies are required to submit test data on oncogenicity from....☑️Correct Ans-
Several animal species
There are currently how many pesticide active ingredients considered known, likely, or probable
carcinogens☑️Correct Ans-Over 70
MDAR☑️Correct Ans-Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources
,Act to protect children and families from harmful pesticides☑️Correct Ans-Passed in 2000.
Pesticide products that contain carcinogens may not be used in or around schools, daycares, or
after school programs
Teratogenicity☑️Correct Ans-Ability of a substance to cause abnormal growth or deformity in
developing fetuses (birth defects)
How is teratogenicity tested☑️Correct Ans-Administering doses of chemical to female test
animals at various stages of pregnancies and observing number of miscarriages and defective
offspring verses what would normally be expected
Examples of animals used to test teratogenicity☑️Correct Ans-Rodents, rabbits, dogs, monkeys
Effects of chemicals are usually considered significant for teratogenicity if...☑️Correct Ans-
They occur at doses not toxic by themselves to the mother
Testing for teratogenicity is standard part of pesticide registration although ___________ May
exist for older chemicals☑️Correct Ans-Data gaps
Neurotoxicity☑️Correct Ans-Gradual damage to basic nerve structure. Does not refer to
reversible effects
Test animal for neurotoxicity☑️Correct Ans-Chicken
, Hepatoxicity☑️Correct Ans-Damage to liver
Nephrotoxicity☑️Correct Ans-damage to the kidneys
Immunotoxicity☑️Correct Ans-Compromise immune system
Fetotoxicity☑️Correct Ans-Direct toxic injury or death of fetus
Hemotoxic effects☑️Correct Ans-Blood disorders
Cholinesterases☑️Correct Ans-Enzymes found in humans, insects, and other species that are
necessary for normal function of the nervous system
What kind of insecticides can block or inhibit cholinesterases☑️Correct Ans-
Organophosphates, carbamates
How much exposure to cholinesterase blocking pesticides does it take to make you feel
sick☑️Correct Ans-Depends on type of product, potency of active ingredient, amount of
exposure, whether you're handling concentrated or diluted mixture
Effects of exposure to cholinesterase blocking pesticides☑️Correct Ans-May range from no
observable effects to severe illnesses or symptoms requiring hospitalization. Severe poisoning
can lead to coma or death
