ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY EXAM (ARDMS REVIEW)
| ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST VERSION | VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What common sonographic artifact is demonstrated with renal
angiomyolipoma, hepatic lipoma, and adrenal myelolipoma? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------all fat containing tumors have the ability
to create a propagation speed artifact. this common sonographic finding is
created because sound travels slower in fat than in soft tissue. thus, a
sound pulse in a fat containing tumor is delayed and objects that are
behind the tumor are artifactually placed further from the transducer.
What mass should be suspected when a filling defect is noted in the
bladder? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the majority of
transitional cell carcinomas arise in the bladder. other bladder masses,
such as, blood clots or fungal balls have a similar sonographic appearance
What is the most common childhood renal tumor? ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------Wilm's Tumor (nephroblastoma) is the most
common renal tumor in children. the mean age at diagnosis is 3.5 years
What are the ultrasound findings associated with significant acute
pyelonephritis? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ultrasound
findings associated with acute pyelonephritis include:
renal enlargement
hypoechoic parenchyma
absence of sinus echoes
,What is pyonephrosis? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the
presence of pus in a dilated renal collecting system, secondary to infected
hydronephrosis.
What are the three sonographic features of pyonephrosis? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1. dependent echoes within a dilated
pelvocaliceal system
2. shifting urine-debris level
3. gas shadowing from infection
what malignant tumor is associated with the urinary collecting system (
renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder)? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
-transitional cell carcinoma, although typically occurring in the bladder, can
arise in the ureter and renal pelvis
What are the sonographic findings associated with renal vein thrombosis? -
--------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1. dilated thrombus-filled renal
vein
2. absent intrarenal venous flow
3. enlarged hypoechoic kidney
4. high-resistance renal artery waveform ( increased RI)
What is the sonographic appearance of a renal mycetoma? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Myctoma( Fungal Ball) appear as
hyperechoic, nonshadowing masses. Angiomyolipomas, blood clots,
pyogenic debris, sloughed papilla, and nonshadowing renal stones have a
similar sonographic appearance
List four sonographic features of multicystic dysplastic kidney disease -------
--CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1. cysts of varying shape and size
,2. absence of communication between cysts
3. absence of renal sinus
4. absence of renal parenchyma
What contralateral renal abnormalities are found when multicystic
dysplastic kidney disease is unilateral? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------
-------1. ureteropelvic junction obstruction
2. renal agenesis or hypoplasia
3. pelvovalectasis
Name 3 anatomic anomalies that appear as pseudotumors of the kidney ---
------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1. column of Bertin
2. dromedary hump
3. fetal lobation
What is the term which refers to patients on chronic hemodialysis that
develop bilateral renal cysts ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------
acquired cystic disease is seen with patients on chronic hemodialysis. on
occasion, these cyst may hemorrhage resulting in flank pain, hematuria
and intracystic echogenic collections. acquired cystic disease is associated
with a slightly higher incidence of renal cell carcinoma
What would a sonographer look for in a patient with a history of tuberous
sclerosis? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------tuberous sclerosis is a
multisystemic disorder associated with renal cyst formation and multiple
renal angiomyolipomas
What are the other names for a renal cell carcinoma? ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------hypernephromas,
adenocarcinomas,
, von Growitz tumor
Renal cell carcinoma is associated with what four diseases? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1. adult polycystic kidney disease
2. acquired cystic disease
3. Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
4. Tuberous Sclerosis
Renal cell carcinoma sonographically appears as an encapsulated, solid
mass that is hypoechoic relative to normal, adjacent renal parenchyma.
what additional areas should be evaluated whenever a solid renal mass is
detected? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1. ipsilateral renal vein
and IVC for tumor invasion
2. contralateral kidney and renal vein
3. retroperitoneum for lymphadenopathy
4. liver for METS
Describe the appearance of a dromedary hump ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------the dromedary hump is a common variant of cortical
thickening of the lateral aspect of the left kidney
Describe the appearance of a junctional parenchymal defect ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the junctional parenchymal defect is a
triangular echogenic area in the anterior aspect of the right upper pole of
the kidney
Describe the appearance of a column of Bertin ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------the hypertrophy of renal cortical parenchyma located
between two medullary pyramids. this may give the appearance of a mass
effect although the echogenicty is equal to the peripheral cortical tissue
| ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
ALREADY GRADED A+ | LATEST VERSION | VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What common sonographic artifact is demonstrated with renal
angiomyolipoma, hepatic lipoma, and adrenal myelolipoma? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------all fat containing tumors have the ability
to create a propagation speed artifact. this common sonographic finding is
created because sound travels slower in fat than in soft tissue. thus, a
sound pulse in a fat containing tumor is delayed and objects that are
behind the tumor are artifactually placed further from the transducer.
What mass should be suspected when a filling defect is noted in the
bladder? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the majority of
transitional cell carcinomas arise in the bladder. other bladder masses,
such as, blood clots or fungal balls have a similar sonographic appearance
What is the most common childhood renal tumor? ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------Wilm's Tumor (nephroblastoma) is the most
common renal tumor in children. the mean age at diagnosis is 3.5 years
What are the ultrasound findings associated with significant acute
pyelonephritis? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ultrasound
findings associated with acute pyelonephritis include:
renal enlargement
hypoechoic parenchyma
absence of sinus echoes
,What is pyonephrosis? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the
presence of pus in a dilated renal collecting system, secondary to infected
hydronephrosis.
What are the three sonographic features of pyonephrosis? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1. dependent echoes within a dilated
pelvocaliceal system
2. shifting urine-debris level
3. gas shadowing from infection
what malignant tumor is associated with the urinary collecting system (
renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder)? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
-transitional cell carcinoma, although typically occurring in the bladder, can
arise in the ureter and renal pelvis
What are the sonographic findings associated with renal vein thrombosis? -
--------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1. dilated thrombus-filled renal
vein
2. absent intrarenal venous flow
3. enlarged hypoechoic kidney
4. high-resistance renal artery waveform ( increased RI)
What is the sonographic appearance of a renal mycetoma? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Myctoma( Fungal Ball) appear as
hyperechoic, nonshadowing masses. Angiomyolipomas, blood clots,
pyogenic debris, sloughed papilla, and nonshadowing renal stones have a
similar sonographic appearance
List four sonographic features of multicystic dysplastic kidney disease -------
--CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1. cysts of varying shape and size
,2. absence of communication between cysts
3. absence of renal sinus
4. absence of renal parenchyma
What contralateral renal abnormalities are found when multicystic
dysplastic kidney disease is unilateral? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------
-------1. ureteropelvic junction obstruction
2. renal agenesis or hypoplasia
3. pelvovalectasis
Name 3 anatomic anomalies that appear as pseudotumors of the kidney ---
------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1. column of Bertin
2. dromedary hump
3. fetal lobation
What is the term which refers to patients on chronic hemodialysis that
develop bilateral renal cysts ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------
acquired cystic disease is seen with patients on chronic hemodialysis. on
occasion, these cyst may hemorrhage resulting in flank pain, hematuria
and intracystic echogenic collections. acquired cystic disease is associated
with a slightly higher incidence of renal cell carcinoma
What would a sonographer look for in a patient with a history of tuberous
sclerosis? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------tuberous sclerosis is a
multisystemic disorder associated with renal cyst formation and multiple
renal angiomyolipomas
What are the other names for a renal cell carcinoma? ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------hypernephromas,
adenocarcinomas,
, von Growitz tumor
Renal cell carcinoma is associated with what four diseases? ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1. adult polycystic kidney disease
2. acquired cystic disease
3. Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
4. Tuberous Sclerosis
Renal cell carcinoma sonographically appears as an encapsulated, solid
mass that is hypoechoic relative to normal, adjacent renal parenchyma.
what additional areas should be evaluated whenever a solid renal mass is
detected? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1. ipsilateral renal vein
and IVC for tumor invasion
2. contralateral kidney and renal vein
3. retroperitoneum for lymphadenopathy
4. liver for METS
Describe the appearance of a dromedary hump ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------the dromedary hump is a common variant of cortical
thickening of the lateral aspect of the left kidney
Describe the appearance of a junctional parenchymal defect ---------
CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the junctional parenchymal defect is a
triangular echogenic area in the anterior aspect of the right upper pole of
the kidney
Describe the appearance of a column of Bertin ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------the hypertrophy of renal cortical parenchyma located
between two medullary pyramids. this may give the appearance of a mass
effect although the echogenicty is equal to the peripheral cortical tissue
