NURS 3105 Exam 2 (urine, oxygen,
activity, and nutrition)
Catheter-Associated UTI (CAUTI) - ✔️✔️High risk for infection
Foley care (every 12 hr)
Sterile technique
Bag lower than body
Empty bag at least half full
Remove Foley ASAP
Pressure Injury
Urinary Incontinence: Nursing Interventions - ✔️✔️Bladder training
Remind older adults to go to bathroom
Pelvic muscle exercises (Kegels)
Increase fluids (NOT heart pts CHF, chronic kidney disease)
Stop fluid 2 hrs before bedtime
Evaluate medications
Assess older men with voiding pattern changes (prostate)
Common Urinary Problems - ✔️✔️Urinary retention, urinary incontinence, UTI, urinary
diversions
Incontinence: Transient - ✔️✔️Caused by medical conditions. May be treatable and
reversible (kidney stone removal surgery)
Incontinence: Functional - ✔️✔️Incontinence is caused by factors outside the urinary
tract (MS, spinal cord injury)
Incontinence: Associated with Chronic Retention - ✔️✔️Often related to bladder outlet
obstruction of poor bladder emptying
Factors Influencing Urinary Elimination - ✔️✔️Growth and development
Sociocultural factors
Psychological factors (anxiety, stress, and depression)
Personal habits
Fluid intake
Pathological conditions (spinal cord injuries, MS, Prostatic enlargement)
Surgical/Diagnostic procedures
Medications (diuretics)
,incontinence: Stress - ✔️✔️Small-volume of urine loss with coughing, laughing, or
sneezing (pregnancy)
Incontinence: Reflux - ✔️✔️Unaware of bladder filling and the urge to void
Incontinence: Urgency - ✔️✔️May occur with urgency, frequency, and nocturia
(pregnancy). Difficulty or inability to hold urine
Urinary Tract Infections - ✔️✔️Bacteriuria (symptomatic/asymptomatic)
Pyelonephritis
Bacteremia/urosepsis
Cystitis
Catheter-Associated UTI
Bacteriuria - ✔️✔️bacteria in urine
symptomatic: dysuria, smell, discharge, urine frequency, urine retention, increased
WBC)
Pyelonephritis - ✔️✔️UTI travels to kidney (back pain)
Bacteremia/urosepsis - ✔️✔️blood cultures, bacteria in blood
Cystitis - ✔️✔️inflammation of the bladder (bladder infection)
Urinary Diversions - ✔️✔️Urostomy (urine empties into bag)
Bilateral Nephrostomy Tubes (in renal pelvis)
Internal Pouch (drain with straight cath)
Nursing Process Assessment Urination - ✔️✔️Patients understanding
self-care ability
cultural
environmental
pattern of urination
Assess: Urgency - ✔️✔️do they have the constant feeling to go?
Assess: Dysuria - ✔️✔️are they having pain with urinating?
Assess: Frequency - ✔️✔️do they frequently need to urinate?
Assess: Hesitancy - ✔️✔️are they hesitant to start flow?
, Assess: Polyuria - ✔️✔️do they have excessive urine? (ex: DKA, diabetics, high blood
sugars)
Assess: Nocturia - ✔️✔️are they peeing at night?
Assess: Dribbling - ✔️✔️do they have a little bit of urine?
Assess: Hematuria - ✔️✔️is there blood in the urine?
Assess: Retention - ✔️✔️are they unable to drain baldder?
Urinary Assessment - ✔️✔️Urgency
Dysuria
Frequency
Hesitancy
Polyuria
Nocturia
Dribbling
Hematuria
Retention
Kidney (flank pain)
Bladder (palpate)
External genitalia (scabs, covering)
Perineal Skin
Assessment of Urine - ✔️✔️Intake/Output
Color (yellow, brown, orange , could be from meds)
Clarity (clear, blood clots)
Odor (bad odor)
Urine labs - ✔️✔️Urinalysis
Culture and Sensitivity
Urinalysis tests for - ✔️✔️Ph
Protein
Glucose
Ketones
Specific Gravity (TOTAL CONCENTRATION: 1.005-1.030)
RBCs
WBCs
Crystals (kidney stones)
Specific Gravity - ✔️✔️1.010-1.030
shows: dehydration, infection kidney failure (high blood)
(low isn't as bad hydrated)
activity, and nutrition)
Catheter-Associated UTI (CAUTI) - ✔️✔️High risk for infection
Foley care (every 12 hr)
Sterile technique
Bag lower than body
Empty bag at least half full
Remove Foley ASAP
Pressure Injury
Urinary Incontinence: Nursing Interventions - ✔️✔️Bladder training
Remind older adults to go to bathroom
Pelvic muscle exercises (Kegels)
Increase fluids (NOT heart pts CHF, chronic kidney disease)
Stop fluid 2 hrs before bedtime
Evaluate medications
Assess older men with voiding pattern changes (prostate)
Common Urinary Problems - ✔️✔️Urinary retention, urinary incontinence, UTI, urinary
diversions
Incontinence: Transient - ✔️✔️Caused by medical conditions. May be treatable and
reversible (kidney stone removal surgery)
Incontinence: Functional - ✔️✔️Incontinence is caused by factors outside the urinary
tract (MS, spinal cord injury)
Incontinence: Associated with Chronic Retention - ✔️✔️Often related to bladder outlet
obstruction of poor bladder emptying
Factors Influencing Urinary Elimination - ✔️✔️Growth and development
Sociocultural factors
Psychological factors (anxiety, stress, and depression)
Personal habits
Fluid intake
Pathological conditions (spinal cord injuries, MS, Prostatic enlargement)
Surgical/Diagnostic procedures
Medications (diuretics)
,incontinence: Stress - ✔️✔️Small-volume of urine loss with coughing, laughing, or
sneezing (pregnancy)
Incontinence: Reflux - ✔️✔️Unaware of bladder filling and the urge to void
Incontinence: Urgency - ✔️✔️May occur with urgency, frequency, and nocturia
(pregnancy). Difficulty or inability to hold urine
Urinary Tract Infections - ✔️✔️Bacteriuria (symptomatic/asymptomatic)
Pyelonephritis
Bacteremia/urosepsis
Cystitis
Catheter-Associated UTI
Bacteriuria - ✔️✔️bacteria in urine
symptomatic: dysuria, smell, discharge, urine frequency, urine retention, increased
WBC)
Pyelonephritis - ✔️✔️UTI travels to kidney (back pain)
Bacteremia/urosepsis - ✔️✔️blood cultures, bacteria in blood
Cystitis - ✔️✔️inflammation of the bladder (bladder infection)
Urinary Diversions - ✔️✔️Urostomy (urine empties into bag)
Bilateral Nephrostomy Tubes (in renal pelvis)
Internal Pouch (drain with straight cath)
Nursing Process Assessment Urination - ✔️✔️Patients understanding
self-care ability
cultural
environmental
pattern of urination
Assess: Urgency - ✔️✔️do they have the constant feeling to go?
Assess: Dysuria - ✔️✔️are they having pain with urinating?
Assess: Frequency - ✔️✔️do they frequently need to urinate?
Assess: Hesitancy - ✔️✔️are they hesitant to start flow?
, Assess: Polyuria - ✔️✔️do they have excessive urine? (ex: DKA, diabetics, high blood
sugars)
Assess: Nocturia - ✔️✔️are they peeing at night?
Assess: Dribbling - ✔️✔️do they have a little bit of urine?
Assess: Hematuria - ✔️✔️is there blood in the urine?
Assess: Retention - ✔️✔️are they unable to drain baldder?
Urinary Assessment - ✔️✔️Urgency
Dysuria
Frequency
Hesitancy
Polyuria
Nocturia
Dribbling
Hematuria
Retention
Kidney (flank pain)
Bladder (palpate)
External genitalia (scabs, covering)
Perineal Skin
Assessment of Urine - ✔️✔️Intake/Output
Color (yellow, brown, orange , could be from meds)
Clarity (clear, blood clots)
Odor (bad odor)
Urine labs - ✔️✔️Urinalysis
Culture and Sensitivity
Urinalysis tests for - ✔️✔️Ph
Protein
Glucose
Ketones
Specific Gravity (TOTAL CONCENTRATION: 1.005-1.030)
RBCs
WBCs
Crystals (kidney stones)
Specific Gravity - ✔️✔️1.010-1.030
shows: dehydration, infection kidney failure (high blood)
(low isn't as bad hydrated)
