DMH2 Glossary Test Guide With
Complete Solution
ABAB (reversal) - ANSWER design type of experimental design in which an
intervention is introduced, withdrawn, and then reinstated, and the behavior
of a participant is examined on and off the treatment
abstinence violation effect - ANSWER what happens when a person
attempting to abstain from alcohol use ingests alcohol and then endures
conflict and guilt by making an internal attribution to explain why he or she
drank, thereby making him or her more likely to continue drinking in order to
cope with the self-blame and guilt
acute stress disorder - ANSWER disorder similar to posttraumatic stress
disorder but occurs within 1 month of exposure to the stressor and does not
last more than 4 weeks; often involves dissociative symptoms
adjustment disorder - ANSWER stress-related disorder that involves
emotional and behavioral symptoms (depressive symptoms, anxiety
symptoms, and/or antisocial behaviors) that arise within 3 months of the
onset of a stressor
adoption study - ANSWER study of the heritability of a disorder by finding
adopted people with a disorder and then determining the prevalence of the
disorder among their biological and adoptive relatives, in order to separate
out contributing genetic and environmental factors
adrenal-cortical system - ANSWER the hormonal system situated in the
adrenal cortex and activated by the hypothalamus, that responds to stress to
,determine fight-or-flight reactions
agnosia - ANSWER impaired ability to recognize objects or people
agoraphobia - ANSWER anxiety disorder characterized by fear of places and
situations in which it would be difficult to escape, such as enclosed places,
open spaces, and crowds
Alcohol Use disorder - ANSWER A problematic pattern of alcohol use that
creates significant impairment or distress that is manifested in a variety of
behaviors such as consuming large amounts of alcohol, persistent desire and
failed attempts to reduce the quantity of alcohol consumed, strong desire to
use alcohol (craving), tolerance, and withdrawal.
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) - ANSWER an organization created by and for
people with alcoholism involving a 12-step treatment program
allostatic load - ANSWER physiological condition resulting from chronic
arousal of the fight-or-flight response to stress
Alzheimer's disease (AD) - ANSWER progressive neurological disease that is
the most common cause of dementia
amenorrhea - ANSWER cessation of the menses
amphetamines - ANSWER stimulant drugs that can produce symptoms of
euphoria, self-confidence, alertness, agitation, paranoia, perceptual illusions,
and depression
amygdala - ANSWER structure of the limbic system critical in emotions such
as fear
animal studies - ANSWER studies that attempt to test theories of
,psychopathology using animals
animal-type phobias - ANSWER extreme fears of specific animals that may
induce immediate and intense panic attacks and cause the individual to go to
great lengths to avoid the animals
anorexia nervosa - ANSWER eating disorder in which people fail to maintain
body weights that are normal for their age and height and have fears of
becoming fat, distorted body images, and amenorrhea
antagonism - ANSWER hostility toward others
antagonist drugs - ANSWER drugs that block or change the effects of an
addictive drug, reducing desire for the drug
anterograde amnesia - ANSWER deficit in the ability to learn new
information
antianxiety drugs - ANSWER drugs used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and other
psychological symptoms
anticonvulsants drugs - ANSWER used to treat mania and depression
antidepressant drugs - ANSWER drugs used to treat the symptoms of
depression, such as sad mood, negative thinking, and disturbances of sleep
and appetite; common types are tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors, and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
antipsychotic drugs - ANSWER drugs used to treat psychotic symptoms, such
as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking
antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) - ANSWER pervasive pattern of
criminal, impulsive, callous, and/or ruthless behavior, predicated on
, disregard for the rights of others and an absence of respect for social norms
anxiety - ANSWER state of apprehension, tension, and worry
anxiety sensitivity - ANSWER belief that bodily symptoms have harmful
consequences
aphasia - ANSWER impaired ability to produce and comprehend language
applied tension technique - ANSWER technique used to treat
blood-injection-injury type phobias in which the therapist teaches the client
to increase his or her blood pressure and heart rate, thus preventing the
client from fainting
apraxia - ANSWER impaired ability to initiate common voluntary behaviors
arousal phase - ANSWER in the sexual response cycle, psychological
experience of arousal and pleasure as well as physiological changes, such as
the tensing of muscles and enlargement of blood vessels and tissues (also
called the excitement phase
assessment - ANSWER the process of evaluating psychological, social,and
emotional functioning through a variety of clinical techniques to determine if
a psychological disorder ispresent
association studies - ANSWER genetic studies in which researchersidentify
physical disorders associated with a targetpsychological disorder for which
genetic abnormalitiesor markers are known; the DNA of individuals with the
psychological disorder and their first-degree relatives is then examined to
determine if they also have this genetic marker (one form of molecular
genetic studies)
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - ANSWER syndrome marked
Complete Solution
ABAB (reversal) - ANSWER design type of experimental design in which an
intervention is introduced, withdrawn, and then reinstated, and the behavior
of a participant is examined on and off the treatment
abstinence violation effect - ANSWER what happens when a person
attempting to abstain from alcohol use ingests alcohol and then endures
conflict and guilt by making an internal attribution to explain why he or she
drank, thereby making him or her more likely to continue drinking in order to
cope with the self-blame and guilt
acute stress disorder - ANSWER disorder similar to posttraumatic stress
disorder but occurs within 1 month of exposure to the stressor and does not
last more than 4 weeks; often involves dissociative symptoms
adjustment disorder - ANSWER stress-related disorder that involves
emotional and behavioral symptoms (depressive symptoms, anxiety
symptoms, and/or antisocial behaviors) that arise within 3 months of the
onset of a stressor
adoption study - ANSWER study of the heritability of a disorder by finding
adopted people with a disorder and then determining the prevalence of the
disorder among their biological and adoptive relatives, in order to separate
out contributing genetic and environmental factors
adrenal-cortical system - ANSWER the hormonal system situated in the
adrenal cortex and activated by the hypothalamus, that responds to stress to
,determine fight-or-flight reactions
agnosia - ANSWER impaired ability to recognize objects or people
agoraphobia - ANSWER anxiety disorder characterized by fear of places and
situations in which it would be difficult to escape, such as enclosed places,
open spaces, and crowds
Alcohol Use disorder - ANSWER A problematic pattern of alcohol use that
creates significant impairment or distress that is manifested in a variety of
behaviors such as consuming large amounts of alcohol, persistent desire and
failed attempts to reduce the quantity of alcohol consumed, strong desire to
use alcohol (craving), tolerance, and withdrawal.
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) - ANSWER an organization created by and for
people with alcoholism involving a 12-step treatment program
allostatic load - ANSWER physiological condition resulting from chronic
arousal of the fight-or-flight response to stress
Alzheimer's disease (AD) - ANSWER progressive neurological disease that is
the most common cause of dementia
amenorrhea - ANSWER cessation of the menses
amphetamines - ANSWER stimulant drugs that can produce symptoms of
euphoria, self-confidence, alertness, agitation, paranoia, perceptual illusions,
and depression
amygdala - ANSWER structure of the limbic system critical in emotions such
as fear
animal studies - ANSWER studies that attempt to test theories of
,psychopathology using animals
animal-type phobias - ANSWER extreme fears of specific animals that may
induce immediate and intense panic attacks and cause the individual to go to
great lengths to avoid the animals
anorexia nervosa - ANSWER eating disorder in which people fail to maintain
body weights that are normal for their age and height and have fears of
becoming fat, distorted body images, and amenorrhea
antagonism - ANSWER hostility toward others
antagonist drugs - ANSWER drugs that block or change the effects of an
addictive drug, reducing desire for the drug
anterograde amnesia - ANSWER deficit in the ability to learn new
information
antianxiety drugs - ANSWER drugs used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and other
psychological symptoms
anticonvulsants drugs - ANSWER used to treat mania and depression
antidepressant drugs - ANSWER drugs used to treat the symptoms of
depression, such as sad mood, negative thinking, and disturbances of sleep
and appetite; common types are tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors, and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
antipsychotic drugs - ANSWER drugs used to treat psychotic symptoms, such
as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking
antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) - ANSWER pervasive pattern of
criminal, impulsive, callous, and/or ruthless behavior, predicated on
, disregard for the rights of others and an absence of respect for social norms
anxiety - ANSWER state of apprehension, tension, and worry
anxiety sensitivity - ANSWER belief that bodily symptoms have harmful
consequences
aphasia - ANSWER impaired ability to produce and comprehend language
applied tension technique - ANSWER technique used to treat
blood-injection-injury type phobias in which the therapist teaches the client
to increase his or her blood pressure and heart rate, thus preventing the
client from fainting
apraxia - ANSWER impaired ability to initiate common voluntary behaviors
arousal phase - ANSWER in the sexual response cycle, psychological
experience of arousal and pleasure as well as physiological changes, such as
the tensing of muscles and enlargement of blood vessels and tissues (also
called the excitement phase
assessment - ANSWER the process of evaluating psychological, social,and
emotional functioning through a variety of clinical techniques to determine if
a psychological disorder ispresent
association studies - ANSWER genetic studies in which researchersidentify
physical disorders associated with a targetpsychological disorder for which
genetic abnormalitiesor markers are known; the DNA of individuals with the
psychological disorder and their first-degree relatives is then examined to
determine if they also have this genetic marker (one form of molecular
genetic studies)
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - ANSWER syndrome marked
