NURS524 Midterm Exam
Study Guide
Infant history taking - Answer Maternal physical/mental health before, during, and after
pregnancy
Prenatal care
Complications during delivery
Bonding, feeding, social, home situation (housing, food security)
Support system
Developmental milestones
Immunization status
Safety concerns for 8 months old - Answer Starting to crawl/sit unsupported/grasp
Car seat safety
Safe sleeping
Poison control
Firearm safety
Safe bathtime/burn hazards
Functional smoke/carbon monoxide detectors
Secondhand smoke
Pesticide exposure
Esposure to sun/sunscreen/insect repellent
Covered outlets/moved electrical cords
Stair gates
Secured furniture
Sharp/small objects
Toxic plants
,Window safety
Physical exam - infant not regaining birth weight - Answer Ht/Wt/head circumference
and plotting on growth chart
Fontanelles
Inspection of palate
Tongue mobility
Skin assessment (jaundice)
Spine/muscle tone
Head to toe - special focus on
Dysmorphic features
Oral/motor dysfunction
Heart murmur
Lung abnormalities
Abdo pain/masses
Organomegaly
Genitourinary/anal abnormalities
Pallor
Edema
Bruises/abrasions
Relations between child/parent
Erythema toxicum (area affected, appearance, course, treatment) - Answer Chin, neck,
upper chest, sacrum, abdomen, thighs, spares acral surfaces
App: Isolated/clustered erythematous pustules/macules in first days or weeks after birth
Course: self-limited
Treatment: none
Seborrheic dermatitis (area affected, course, complications, treatment) - Answer Scalp
(cradle cap), face, ears, neck
Resolves in 2-3 months with no treatment - if persists past can use keratolytic shampoo
,Complications: secondary infection with candida or staph (use antifungal/antibiotic
accordingly)
Milia (appearance, course, treatment) - Answer Yellow papules 1-3mm, transient, face,
chin, forehead
Usually resolves within a few months - no treamtnet
Heat rash (milliaria) location, treatment - Answer Intertriginous areas, scalp, face and
trunk
Tx: cool skin, wear loose clothing
History to determine vision problems - Answer Family hx of vision problems
Abnormalities in eye appearance/alignment
Frequently rubbing/squinting/blinking
Follow objects with eyes?
Difficulty recognizing familiar faces/objects
Excessive tearing/redness/discharge
Tilt head or cover one eye
Sensitivity to light
Trip/stumble
Vision screening in childhood - Answer Check red light reflex at each encounter
(retinoblastoma/cataracts)
Corneal light reflex & cover/uncover test (strabismus)
Visual acuity at age 3-5y
How to measure infant head circumference - Answer Use non-stretchable measuring
tape wrapped around most prominent part of the head to the middle of the forehead,
pulled snug. Take measurement twice and record average.
How long to measure head circumference? - Answer Until 2 years old
Significance of head circumference <10th percentile. >90th percentile - Answer >90th:
increased ICP, osteogenesis imperfecta, achondraplasia, hypothyroidism, skeletal
system abnormalities
<10th: craniosynosis, hyperthyroidism, microcephaly
Major developmental milestones - 1 month - Answer Sucks well on nipple/bottle
, Focuses gaze on person/object
Startles to loud noise
Easily comforted by caregiver
Major developmental milestones - 2 months - Answer Follows moving object with gaze
Make intentional sounds (coo/gurgle)
Lifts head during tummy time
Smiles responsively
Major developmental milestones - 4 months - Answer Responds with excitement
Holds head upright while sitting/being held
Pushes up onto elbows in tummy time
Brings hands to mouth
Holds an object placed in hand
Giggles/attempts to laugh
Makes sounds responsively ("talks back")
Major developmental milestones - 6 months - Answer Rolls from belly to back
Attempts rolling from back to belly
Sits with support
Reaches for and grasps objects
Puts objects in mouth
Vocalizes anger and happiness
Imitates sounds (cough/sneeze)
Major developmental milestones - 9 months - Answer Babbles (mama, dada)
Makes sounds to get attention
Understands object permanence (looks for hidden object)
Uses pincer grasp
Plays social games (ie peakaboo)
Sits without support
Study Guide
Infant history taking - Answer Maternal physical/mental health before, during, and after
pregnancy
Prenatal care
Complications during delivery
Bonding, feeding, social, home situation (housing, food security)
Support system
Developmental milestones
Immunization status
Safety concerns for 8 months old - Answer Starting to crawl/sit unsupported/grasp
Car seat safety
Safe sleeping
Poison control
Firearm safety
Safe bathtime/burn hazards
Functional smoke/carbon monoxide detectors
Secondhand smoke
Pesticide exposure
Esposure to sun/sunscreen/insect repellent
Covered outlets/moved electrical cords
Stair gates
Secured furniture
Sharp/small objects
Toxic plants
,Window safety
Physical exam - infant not regaining birth weight - Answer Ht/Wt/head circumference
and plotting on growth chart
Fontanelles
Inspection of palate
Tongue mobility
Skin assessment (jaundice)
Spine/muscle tone
Head to toe - special focus on
Dysmorphic features
Oral/motor dysfunction
Heart murmur
Lung abnormalities
Abdo pain/masses
Organomegaly
Genitourinary/anal abnormalities
Pallor
Edema
Bruises/abrasions
Relations between child/parent
Erythema toxicum (area affected, appearance, course, treatment) - Answer Chin, neck,
upper chest, sacrum, abdomen, thighs, spares acral surfaces
App: Isolated/clustered erythematous pustules/macules in first days or weeks after birth
Course: self-limited
Treatment: none
Seborrheic dermatitis (area affected, course, complications, treatment) - Answer Scalp
(cradle cap), face, ears, neck
Resolves in 2-3 months with no treatment - if persists past can use keratolytic shampoo
,Complications: secondary infection with candida or staph (use antifungal/antibiotic
accordingly)
Milia (appearance, course, treatment) - Answer Yellow papules 1-3mm, transient, face,
chin, forehead
Usually resolves within a few months - no treamtnet
Heat rash (milliaria) location, treatment - Answer Intertriginous areas, scalp, face and
trunk
Tx: cool skin, wear loose clothing
History to determine vision problems - Answer Family hx of vision problems
Abnormalities in eye appearance/alignment
Frequently rubbing/squinting/blinking
Follow objects with eyes?
Difficulty recognizing familiar faces/objects
Excessive tearing/redness/discharge
Tilt head or cover one eye
Sensitivity to light
Trip/stumble
Vision screening in childhood - Answer Check red light reflex at each encounter
(retinoblastoma/cataracts)
Corneal light reflex & cover/uncover test (strabismus)
Visual acuity at age 3-5y
How to measure infant head circumference - Answer Use non-stretchable measuring
tape wrapped around most prominent part of the head to the middle of the forehead,
pulled snug. Take measurement twice and record average.
How long to measure head circumference? - Answer Until 2 years old
Significance of head circumference <10th percentile. >90th percentile - Answer >90th:
increased ICP, osteogenesis imperfecta, achondraplasia, hypothyroidism, skeletal
system abnormalities
<10th: craniosynosis, hyperthyroidism, microcephaly
Major developmental milestones - 1 month - Answer Sucks well on nipple/bottle
, Focuses gaze on person/object
Startles to loud noise
Easily comforted by caregiver
Major developmental milestones - 2 months - Answer Follows moving object with gaze
Make intentional sounds (coo/gurgle)
Lifts head during tummy time
Smiles responsively
Major developmental milestones - 4 months - Answer Responds with excitement
Holds head upright while sitting/being held
Pushes up onto elbows in tummy time
Brings hands to mouth
Holds an object placed in hand
Giggles/attempts to laugh
Makes sounds responsively ("talks back")
Major developmental milestones - 6 months - Answer Rolls from belly to back
Attempts rolling from back to belly
Sits with support
Reaches for and grasps objects
Puts objects in mouth
Vocalizes anger and happiness
Imitates sounds (cough/sneeze)
Major developmental milestones - 9 months - Answer Babbles (mama, dada)
Makes sounds to get attention
Understands object permanence (looks for hidden object)
Uses pincer grasp
Plays social games (ie peakaboo)
Sits without support
