CogSci 115 Midterm - Fall 2024/2025 | Questions and
Correct Solutions | Latest Update
reasons to apply neuroscience to the study of happiness - Answer-- control for biases
and other problems (happiness is subjective)
- discover underlying neural mechanism of mood states
- provide means of evaluating treatment techniques
- provide evidence that mind changes --> brain changes (growth mindset)
/.growth mindset - Answer-- people learn that their most basic abilities can be
developed through dedication and hard work
- creates love of learning and resilience that is essential
/.programs to develop growth mindset are most beneficial in students with
__________________ - Answer-low socioeconomic status or who are academically at
risk
/._____________(low income/high income) students are less likely to hold a growth
mindset - Answer-low income
/._________(low income/high income) students who exhibit a growth mindset may
perform better than _________________(low income/high income) students with a fixed
mindset - Answer-low income, high income
/.self-directed neuroplasticity - Answer-- all mental activity creates new neural structures
- every thought leaves an imprint
- repeatedly doing small things inside your mid over time will lead to bigger changes in
your brain and your experience of living
/.happiness and ________ has one of the strongest correlations - Answer-social support
/.the greatest predictor of happiness in college students during periods of high stress is
___________ - Answer-social support
/.how many pounds is your brain? - Answer-3 lbs
/.how many neurons does the brain contain? - Answer-86 billion neurons
/.how many synaptic connections does the average neuron make to other neurons? -
Answer-1000 - but ranges from a handful up to 200,000 in Purkinje cells
/.what percent of the body's oxygen and glucose is used by the brain? - Answer-20%
/.T/F: your brain uses up to 10x more energy when you're thinking hard, rather than in a
deep sleep. - Answer-False
,/.levels of organization of nervous system:
cell: ___________
tissue: ____________
organ: ____________
system: ____________ - Answer-- individual neurons
- nerves, ganglia
- brain and spinal cord
- nervous system
/.Cell body - Answer-the cell's life support center
/.Dendrites - Answer-receive messages from other cells
/.Axon - Answer-passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles,
or glands
/.neural impulse (action potential) - Answer-electrical signal traveling down the axon
/.myelin sheath - Answer-covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural
impulses
/.terminal branches of axon - Answer-form junctions with other cells
/.terminal button - Answer-bud at the end of an axon; forms synapses with other
neurons; sends information to other neurons via neurotransmitters
/.Study on 3-5 year old children with higher use of screen-based media had
____________(higher/lower) measures of structural integrity and myelination and
scored _____________(higher/lower) - Answer-lower, lower
/.axons have two basic electrical potentials - Answer--resting membrane potential
-action potential
/.resting membrane potential - Answer-- extracellular fluid: rich in Na+ and Cl-
- intracellular fluid: rich in K+
- banana(potassium) in the ocean(NaCl)
/.T/F: Action potential of a given neuron is an all or none phenomenon - Answer-True
/.How is an action potential determined? (yes or no) - Answer-excitatory vs inhibitory
fighting over who is going to win to determine if the action potential will fire
/.Synapse - Answer-a junction between the terminal button of an axon and the
membrane (usually somatic or dendritic membrane) of another neuron
, /.chemical transmission at the synapse - Answer--action potential reaches terminal
buttons
-triggers release of neurotransmitters
-flood into synapse
-can be received by receptors (dendrites) of other neuron, washed away, or drawn back
into terminal buttons via reuptake
/.Reuptake - Answer-transporters located in the presynaptic membrane transport the
molecules of neurotransmitter back into the cytoplasm (most common)
/.How do SSRIs work? - Answer-SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin, making more of
it available at the synaptic gap and increasing serotonergic energy
/.Enzymatic deactivation - Answer-destruction of a neurotransmitter by an enzyme after
its release
/.neurogenesis - Answer-production of new neurons
/.adult brain contains stem cells that can divide and produce new neurons primarily in
the _______( ), ________( ), _________( ) and perhaps in the ___________. - Answer-
- hippocampus (memory)
- olfactory bulb (smell, motherly attachment)
- amygdala (emotions)
- cerebellum
/.mechanisms of neural growth - Answer-- neurogenesis
- development of new synaptic connections between neurons
- dendritic branching or arborization
/.Autonomic Nervous System - Answer-- central nervous system
- peripheral nervous system
/.Central Nervous System - Answer-brain and spinal cord
/.Peripheral Nervous System - Answer-sensory and motor neurons that connect the
CNS to the rest of the body
- somatic
- autonomic
/.[PNS] Somatic - Answer-muscle control
/.[PNS] Autonomic - Answer-self-regulated action
- sympathetic nervous system (arousing)
- parasympathetic nervous system (calming)
Correct Solutions | Latest Update
reasons to apply neuroscience to the study of happiness - Answer-- control for biases
and other problems (happiness is subjective)
- discover underlying neural mechanism of mood states
- provide means of evaluating treatment techniques
- provide evidence that mind changes --> brain changes (growth mindset)
/.growth mindset - Answer-- people learn that their most basic abilities can be
developed through dedication and hard work
- creates love of learning and resilience that is essential
/.programs to develop growth mindset are most beneficial in students with
__________________ - Answer-low socioeconomic status or who are academically at
risk
/._____________(low income/high income) students are less likely to hold a growth
mindset - Answer-low income
/._________(low income/high income) students who exhibit a growth mindset may
perform better than _________________(low income/high income) students with a fixed
mindset - Answer-low income, high income
/.self-directed neuroplasticity - Answer-- all mental activity creates new neural structures
- every thought leaves an imprint
- repeatedly doing small things inside your mid over time will lead to bigger changes in
your brain and your experience of living
/.happiness and ________ has one of the strongest correlations - Answer-social support
/.the greatest predictor of happiness in college students during periods of high stress is
___________ - Answer-social support
/.how many pounds is your brain? - Answer-3 lbs
/.how many neurons does the brain contain? - Answer-86 billion neurons
/.how many synaptic connections does the average neuron make to other neurons? -
Answer-1000 - but ranges from a handful up to 200,000 in Purkinje cells
/.what percent of the body's oxygen and glucose is used by the brain? - Answer-20%
/.T/F: your brain uses up to 10x more energy when you're thinking hard, rather than in a
deep sleep. - Answer-False
,/.levels of organization of nervous system:
cell: ___________
tissue: ____________
organ: ____________
system: ____________ - Answer-- individual neurons
- nerves, ganglia
- brain and spinal cord
- nervous system
/.Cell body - Answer-the cell's life support center
/.Dendrites - Answer-receive messages from other cells
/.Axon - Answer-passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles,
or glands
/.neural impulse (action potential) - Answer-electrical signal traveling down the axon
/.myelin sheath - Answer-covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural
impulses
/.terminal branches of axon - Answer-form junctions with other cells
/.terminal button - Answer-bud at the end of an axon; forms synapses with other
neurons; sends information to other neurons via neurotransmitters
/.Study on 3-5 year old children with higher use of screen-based media had
____________(higher/lower) measures of structural integrity and myelination and
scored _____________(higher/lower) - Answer-lower, lower
/.axons have two basic electrical potentials - Answer--resting membrane potential
-action potential
/.resting membrane potential - Answer-- extracellular fluid: rich in Na+ and Cl-
- intracellular fluid: rich in K+
- banana(potassium) in the ocean(NaCl)
/.T/F: Action potential of a given neuron is an all or none phenomenon - Answer-True
/.How is an action potential determined? (yes or no) - Answer-excitatory vs inhibitory
fighting over who is going to win to determine if the action potential will fire
/.Synapse - Answer-a junction between the terminal button of an axon and the
membrane (usually somatic or dendritic membrane) of another neuron
, /.chemical transmission at the synapse - Answer--action potential reaches terminal
buttons
-triggers release of neurotransmitters
-flood into synapse
-can be received by receptors (dendrites) of other neuron, washed away, or drawn back
into terminal buttons via reuptake
/.Reuptake - Answer-transporters located in the presynaptic membrane transport the
molecules of neurotransmitter back into the cytoplasm (most common)
/.How do SSRIs work? - Answer-SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin, making more of
it available at the synaptic gap and increasing serotonergic energy
/.Enzymatic deactivation - Answer-destruction of a neurotransmitter by an enzyme after
its release
/.neurogenesis - Answer-production of new neurons
/.adult brain contains stem cells that can divide and produce new neurons primarily in
the _______( ), ________( ), _________( ) and perhaps in the ___________. - Answer-
- hippocampus (memory)
- olfactory bulb (smell, motherly attachment)
- amygdala (emotions)
- cerebellum
/.mechanisms of neural growth - Answer-- neurogenesis
- development of new synaptic connections between neurons
- dendritic branching or arborization
/.Autonomic Nervous System - Answer-- central nervous system
- peripheral nervous system
/.Central Nervous System - Answer-brain and spinal cord
/.Peripheral Nervous System - Answer-sensory and motor neurons that connect the
CNS to the rest of the body
- somatic
- autonomic
/.[PNS] Somatic - Answer-muscle control
/.[PNS] Autonomic - Answer-self-regulated action
- sympathetic nervous system (arousing)
- parasympathetic nervous system (calming)
