©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/9/2024 2:18 PM
Pharmacology 5334 Module 2 Exam
Questions And Answers 100% Pass
Treatment of choice for oral therapy of UTI's - answer✔TMP/SMZ for 3 days; Nitrofurantoin for 5 days
Second line drugs for UTI - answer✔Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin for 3 days
Nitrofurantoin - answer✔Urinary tract antiseptic
Nitrofurantoin uses - answer✔Lower UTI's; prophylaxis; recurrent lower UTI's. (not absorbed
systemically: cannot be used for anything in the kidneys)
Nitrofurantoin adverse effects - answer✔GI effects; pulmonary reactions; hematologic effects;
peripheral neuropathy (demyelination and nerve degeneration can occur and may be irreversible);
hepatotoxicity; birth defects
Methenamine - answer✔Decomposes to formaldehyde and ammonia; used for chronic lower UTI's;
contraindicated in renal and liver failure; drug interactions - urinary alkalinizers, which reduce effects,
sulfonamides pose risk for crystalluria
Acute cystitis treatment - answer✔Single dose therapy: fosfomycin; short-course therapy: TMP/SMZ for
3 days; conventional therapy: nitrofurantoin for 7 days
Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis treatment - answer✔First line: TMP/SMZ, ciprofloxacin, and
levofloxacin for 10-14 days; second line: augmentin, cephalexin
Complicated UTI treatment - answer✔TMP/SMZ for 7-14 days, ciprofloxacin for 7-14 days, levofloxacin
for 5-14 days, augmentin for 7-14 days, cephalexin for 7-14 days
Recurrent UTI treatment - answer✔Prophylaxis with TMP/SMZ 3 times weekly for 6 months; TMP at
bedtime for 6 months; OR nitrofurantoin at bedtime for 6 months
Acute bacterial prostatitis treatment - answer✔-floxacins for 2-4 weeks
Evaluation of drug sensitivity - answer✔Best done with sputum culture (takes up to 16 weeks for
results); drugs are chosen by patterns of drug resistance in the community and immunocompetence of
the patient; a new automated TB assay can identify sensitivity to rifampin in 2 hours and confirm the
presence of M. tuberculosis
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/9/2024 2:18 PM
Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) - answer✔Resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin
Extremely drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) - answer✔Resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, all fluoroquinolones,
and at least one of the injectable second-line drugs
First line treatment of TB - answer✔Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Rifapentine and
rifabutin are also considered to be first line
Two phases of TB treatment - answer✔Induction phase: lasts about 8 weeks, eliminate actively dividing
tubercle bacilli. Continuation phase: lasts from 18 weeks to 24 months, eliminate intracellular persisters
Drug sensitive TB treatment - answer✔8 weeks induction of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and
ethambutol; continuation 18 weeks with isoniazid and rifampin
Isoniazid-resistant TB treatment - answer✔Rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for 6 months
Rifampin-resistant TB treatment - answer✔Isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for 18-24 months
MDR-TB and XDR-TB treatment - answer✔24 months with 2nd and 3rd line drugs; poor prognosis
Patients with TB plus HIV - answer✔More aggressive therapy required; minimum 6 months of
treatment; rifampin accelerates metabolism of antiretroviral therapy drugs and decreases their effects
Promoting drug adherence in TB patients - answer✔Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) - also allows for
ongoing assessment of clinical signs; intermittent dosing: 2-3 times/week
Latent TB tests - answer✔TB skin test; interferon Gamma Release Assays
Latent TB treatment - answer✔Isoniazid alone for 9 months; isoniazid and rifampin weekly for 3 months;
active TB must be ruled out
TB vaccination - answer✔Bacillus Calmette and Guerin (BCG) vaccine
Second line treatment of TB - answer✔Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, kanamycin, amikacin, capreomycin,
stretpomycin, para-aminosalicylic acid, ethonamid cycloserine
Isoniazid - answer✔Standard treatment for latent TB; must be given for at least 6 months, preferably 9
months; poses a risk for liver damage
Isoniazid adverse effects - answer✔Peripheral neuropathy (give pyridoxine and vitamin B6);
hepatotoxicity; optic neuritis; anemia
Rifampin use - answer✔TB, leprosy, meningococcus carriers
Rifampin adverse effects - answer✔Hepatotoxic/hepatitis; discoloration of body fluids (red/orange); GI
disturbances
11/9/2024 2:18 PM
Pharmacology 5334 Module 2 Exam
Questions And Answers 100% Pass
Treatment of choice for oral therapy of UTI's - answer✔TMP/SMZ for 3 days; Nitrofurantoin for 5 days
Second line drugs for UTI - answer✔Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin for 3 days
Nitrofurantoin - answer✔Urinary tract antiseptic
Nitrofurantoin uses - answer✔Lower UTI's; prophylaxis; recurrent lower UTI's. (not absorbed
systemically: cannot be used for anything in the kidneys)
Nitrofurantoin adverse effects - answer✔GI effects; pulmonary reactions; hematologic effects;
peripheral neuropathy (demyelination and nerve degeneration can occur and may be irreversible);
hepatotoxicity; birth defects
Methenamine - answer✔Decomposes to formaldehyde and ammonia; used for chronic lower UTI's;
contraindicated in renal and liver failure; drug interactions - urinary alkalinizers, which reduce effects,
sulfonamides pose risk for crystalluria
Acute cystitis treatment - answer✔Single dose therapy: fosfomycin; short-course therapy: TMP/SMZ for
3 days; conventional therapy: nitrofurantoin for 7 days
Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis treatment - answer✔First line: TMP/SMZ, ciprofloxacin, and
levofloxacin for 10-14 days; second line: augmentin, cephalexin
Complicated UTI treatment - answer✔TMP/SMZ for 7-14 days, ciprofloxacin for 7-14 days, levofloxacin
for 5-14 days, augmentin for 7-14 days, cephalexin for 7-14 days
Recurrent UTI treatment - answer✔Prophylaxis with TMP/SMZ 3 times weekly for 6 months; TMP at
bedtime for 6 months; OR nitrofurantoin at bedtime for 6 months
Acute bacterial prostatitis treatment - answer✔-floxacins for 2-4 weeks
Evaluation of drug sensitivity - answer✔Best done with sputum culture (takes up to 16 weeks for
results); drugs are chosen by patterns of drug resistance in the community and immunocompetence of
the patient; a new automated TB assay can identify sensitivity to rifampin in 2 hours and confirm the
presence of M. tuberculosis
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/9/2024 2:18 PM
Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) - answer✔Resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin
Extremely drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) - answer✔Resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, all fluoroquinolones,
and at least one of the injectable second-line drugs
First line treatment of TB - answer✔Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Rifapentine and
rifabutin are also considered to be first line
Two phases of TB treatment - answer✔Induction phase: lasts about 8 weeks, eliminate actively dividing
tubercle bacilli. Continuation phase: lasts from 18 weeks to 24 months, eliminate intracellular persisters
Drug sensitive TB treatment - answer✔8 weeks induction of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and
ethambutol; continuation 18 weeks with isoniazid and rifampin
Isoniazid-resistant TB treatment - answer✔Rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for 6 months
Rifampin-resistant TB treatment - answer✔Isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for 18-24 months
MDR-TB and XDR-TB treatment - answer✔24 months with 2nd and 3rd line drugs; poor prognosis
Patients with TB plus HIV - answer✔More aggressive therapy required; minimum 6 months of
treatment; rifampin accelerates metabolism of antiretroviral therapy drugs and decreases their effects
Promoting drug adherence in TB patients - answer✔Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) - also allows for
ongoing assessment of clinical signs; intermittent dosing: 2-3 times/week
Latent TB tests - answer✔TB skin test; interferon Gamma Release Assays
Latent TB treatment - answer✔Isoniazid alone for 9 months; isoniazid and rifampin weekly for 3 months;
active TB must be ruled out
TB vaccination - answer✔Bacillus Calmette and Guerin (BCG) vaccine
Second line treatment of TB - answer✔Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, kanamycin, amikacin, capreomycin,
stretpomycin, para-aminosalicylic acid, ethonamid cycloserine
Isoniazid - answer✔Standard treatment for latent TB; must be given for at least 6 months, preferably 9
months; poses a risk for liver damage
Isoniazid adverse effects - answer✔Peripheral neuropathy (give pyridoxine and vitamin B6);
hepatotoxicity; optic neuritis; anemia
Rifampin use - answer✔TB, leprosy, meningococcus carriers
Rifampin adverse effects - answer✔Hepatotoxic/hepatitis; discoloration of body fluids (red/orange); GI
disturbances
