Ecological Concepts and Applications 2024 final exam with complete Question and Answers

Ecological Concepts and Applications 2024 final exam with complete Question and Answers IPM Integrated Pest Management, a pest control strategy considering farming context, environment, and pest dynamics. EIL Economic Injury Level, the population density causing economic damage to crops. Action threshold Pest population level at which treatment is necessary to prevent economic injury. Biological control tactics Exploiting predators/pathogens, including classical, augmentation, and conservation biological control. Cultural control tactics Control of pests through farming practices like crop rotation, cover crops, and intercropping. Chemical control tactics Involves pesticides with varying toxicity levels and specificity. Examples include organophosphates, neonicotinoids, and growth regulators. IVM Integrated Vector Management, optimizes resources for vector control. IPM and IVM connections Relate to evolution, population growth, competition, predation, and community ecology through strategies like resistance management and biodiversity promotion. Community Interacting species inhabiting a defined area. Guild Organisms that make their living in the same fashion. Functional group Group of organisms categorized by how they eat. Glacier Bay succession model Shows rapid increase in plant diversity early on, slowing later. Not all groups increase throughout succession. Alternate steady state Environments existing in stable states over significant timescales, transitioning between states when disturbed. Global biogeography patterns 1. Land masses divided into 6 regions due to past connections. 2. Diversity gradient with latitude, highest at equator. Plausible explanations for tropical diversity 1. Diversification rate due to stable temperatures and larger ranges. 2. Diversification time in older communities. 3. Productivity and land area. Island biogeography assumptions Immigration and competition increase with diversity. Equilibrium diversity is when Immigration equals extinction.