Chamberlain NR 325 Exam 2 study guide
Which sided stroke has impaired speech/language aphasia; impaired right/left discrimination;
slow performance/cautious,; depression/anxiety; impaired comprehension. - ANS Left-Sided
Which sided stroke has spatial perception deficits; denying/minimizing; rapid performance/short
attention; impulsiveness; impaired judgment; impaired time. - ANS Right-sided
_____ are the confirming diagnostic studies for stroke. - ANS CT; CT angiogram; CT/MRI
perfusion and diffusion imaging; MRI; Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
_____ are the confirming laboratory studies for stroke. - ANS Prothrombin time, activated
partial thromboplastin time; CBC (including platelets); Electrolyte panel with blood glucose; Lipid
profile; Renal and hepatic studies
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is used to produce localized fibrinolysis by
binding to the fibrin in the thrombi, and is the immediate treatment for _____ _____. - ANS
Ischemic stroke
Aspirin at a dose of 325 mg may be started within 24 to 48 hours after the onset of an _____
stroke. - ANS ischemic
Anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors are contraindicated in patients with _____ strokes. - ANS
hemorrhagic
The main drug therapy for patients with _____ stroke is the management of hypertension. -
ANS hemorrhagic
The _____ _____ of a spinal cord injury (SCI) is initial physical disruption of the spinal cord. -
ANS primary injury
The _____ _____ of a spinal cord injury is from processes, such as ischemia, hypoxia,
hemorrhage, edema - ANS secondary injury
_____ _____ may occur shortly after acute SCI. It is characterized by loss of deep tendon and
sphincter reflexes, loss of sensation, and flaccid paralysis below the level of injury. - ANS
Spinal shock
_____ _____ involvement results in total loss of sensory and motor function below the level of
injury. - ANS Complete cord
, _____ _____ involvement results in a mixed loss of voluntary motor activity and sensation and
leaves some tracts intact. - ANS Incomplete cord
SCI at C1-C3 - ANS Often fatal; Movement in neck and above, loss of innervation to
diaphragm, absence of independent respiratory function
SCI at C4 - ANS Sensation and movement in neck and above; May be able to breathe without
ventilator
SCI at C5 - ANS Full neck, partial shoulder, back, biceps; Gross elbow, inability to roll over or
use hands; ↓ Respiratory reserve
SCI at C6 - ANS Shoulder and upper back abduction and rotation at shoulder; Full biceps to
elbow flexion, wrist extension, weak grasp of thumb; ↓ Respiratory reserve
SCI at C7-C8 - ANS All triceps to elbow extension, finger extensors and flexors; Good grasp
with some decreased strength; ↓ Respiratory reserve
SCI at T1-T6 - ANS Full innervation of upper extremities; Back, essential intrinsic muscles of
hand; Full strength and dexterity of grasp; ↓ Trunk stability, decreased respiratory reserve
SCI at T6-T12 - ANS Full, stable thoracic muscles and upper back; Functional intercostal
muscles, resulting in ↑ respiratory reserve
SCI at L1-L2 - ANS Varying control of legs and pelvis; Instability of lower back
SCI at L3-L4 - ANS Quadriceps and hip flexors; Absence of hamstring function, flail ankles
CT scan is the preferred imaging study to diagnose the location and degree of injury and the
degree of _____ _____ _____. - ANS spinal canal compromise
_____ is used to assess soft tissue injury, neurologic changes, unexplained neurologic deficits,
or worsening neurologic condition in SCI. - ANS MRI
Goals immediately after _____ include maintaining a patent airway, adequate
ventilation/breathing, and adequate circulating blood volume (ABCs) and preventing extension
of spinal cord damage (secondary injury). - ANS SCI
_____ allows the patient to move and ambulate while cervical bones fuse - ANS Halo fixation
device
One of the physically demonstrable symptoms of meningitis is _____ _____. Severe neck
stiffness causes a patient's hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed. - ANS Brudzinski's
sign
Which sided stroke has impaired speech/language aphasia; impaired right/left discrimination;
slow performance/cautious,; depression/anxiety; impaired comprehension. - ANS Left-Sided
Which sided stroke has spatial perception deficits; denying/minimizing; rapid performance/short
attention; impulsiveness; impaired judgment; impaired time. - ANS Right-sided
_____ are the confirming diagnostic studies for stroke. - ANS CT; CT angiogram; CT/MRI
perfusion and diffusion imaging; MRI; Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
_____ are the confirming laboratory studies for stroke. - ANS Prothrombin time, activated
partial thromboplastin time; CBC (including platelets); Electrolyte panel with blood glucose; Lipid
profile; Renal and hepatic studies
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is used to produce localized fibrinolysis by
binding to the fibrin in the thrombi, and is the immediate treatment for _____ _____. - ANS
Ischemic stroke
Aspirin at a dose of 325 mg may be started within 24 to 48 hours after the onset of an _____
stroke. - ANS ischemic
Anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors are contraindicated in patients with _____ strokes. - ANS
hemorrhagic
The main drug therapy for patients with _____ stroke is the management of hypertension. -
ANS hemorrhagic
The _____ _____ of a spinal cord injury (SCI) is initial physical disruption of the spinal cord. -
ANS primary injury
The _____ _____ of a spinal cord injury is from processes, such as ischemia, hypoxia,
hemorrhage, edema - ANS secondary injury
_____ _____ may occur shortly after acute SCI. It is characterized by loss of deep tendon and
sphincter reflexes, loss of sensation, and flaccid paralysis below the level of injury. - ANS
Spinal shock
_____ _____ involvement results in total loss of sensory and motor function below the level of
injury. - ANS Complete cord
, _____ _____ involvement results in a mixed loss of voluntary motor activity and sensation and
leaves some tracts intact. - ANS Incomplete cord
SCI at C1-C3 - ANS Often fatal; Movement in neck and above, loss of innervation to
diaphragm, absence of independent respiratory function
SCI at C4 - ANS Sensation and movement in neck and above; May be able to breathe without
ventilator
SCI at C5 - ANS Full neck, partial shoulder, back, biceps; Gross elbow, inability to roll over or
use hands; ↓ Respiratory reserve
SCI at C6 - ANS Shoulder and upper back abduction and rotation at shoulder; Full biceps to
elbow flexion, wrist extension, weak grasp of thumb; ↓ Respiratory reserve
SCI at C7-C8 - ANS All triceps to elbow extension, finger extensors and flexors; Good grasp
with some decreased strength; ↓ Respiratory reserve
SCI at T1-T6 - ANS Full innervation of upper extremities; Back, essential intrinsic muscles of
hand; Full strength and dexterity of grasp; ↓ Trunk stability, decreased respiratory reserve
SCI at T6-T12 - ANS Full, stable thoracic muscles and upper back; Functional intercostal
muscles, resulting in ↑ respiratory reserve
SCI at L1-L2 - ANS Varying control of legs and pelvis; Instability of lower back
SCI at L3-L4 - ANS Quadriceps and hip flexors; Absence of hamstring function, flail ankles
CT scan is the preferred imaging study to diagnose the location and degree of injury and the
degree of _____ _____ _____. - ANS spinal canal compromise
_____ is used to assess soft tissue injury, neurologic changes, unexplained neurologic deficits,
or worsening neurologic condition in SCI. - ANS MRI
Goals immediately after _____ include maintaining a patent airway, adequate
ventilation/breathing, and adequate circulating blood volume (ABCs) and preventing extension
of spinal cord damage (secondary injury). - ANS SCI
_____ allows the patient to move and ambulate while cervical bones fuse - ANS Halo fixation
device
One of the physically demonstrable symptoms of meningitis is _____ _____. Severe neck
stiffness causes a patient's hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed. - ANS Brudzinski's
sign
