TEST BANK FOR ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY 4TH
EDITION BY RICHARD W. HILL, GORDON A. WYSE,
MARGARET ANDERSON
3 Physiological processes involved with respiration? - (ANSWER)1) Gas being used.
2) solubility of the gas.
3) Physics of diffusion.
Dalton's law of partial pressure - (ANSWER)P(t)= P(1)+P(2)+P(3)
Diffusion of gasses - (ANSWER)Heavier gasses diffuse more slowly than light gasses. (rate of
diffusion is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight.)
Factors that determine the solubility of gasses in water? (4) - (ANSWER)1) Nature of the gas.
2) pressure (increase of pressure= increased solubility)
3) Temperature (increased temp. = decreased solubility)
4) Presence of solutes (solutes reduce solubility of gas)
types of respiration - (ANSWER)1) cutaneous respiration (Plethodon and salamanders)
2) butt breathing ( some turtles breath through their cloaca).
3) Respiratory surfaces (gills/ lungs)
Types of lungs - (ANSWER)1) Diffusion
2) Ventilation
Diffusion Lungs - (ANSWER)1) No muscular ventilation
2) Very small animals (snails ect.)
,ventilation lungs - (ANSWER)Gas exchange may take place via:
1) unidirectional flow (Birds, fish, croccodile's etc.)
2) Tidal flow (Amphibians, reptiles, mammals, etc.)
Types of ventilation lungs - (ANSWER)1) pressure pumps
2) suction lungs
How pressure pump lungs work - (ANSWER)1) Decrease pressure by lowering floor of buccal
cavity- air enters through nares or mouth.
2) Increase pressure by raising floor of buccal cavity and closing mouth and nares- air enters
lungs.
3) Close glottis and let air sit in lungs for gas diffusion.
4) Open glottis and let air escape from mouth or nares by elastic recoil and contraction of
muscles.
Suction lung - (ANSWER)lungs inflate with the movement of a muscle -> tidal flow.
Types of suction lungs - (ANSWER)1) Kangaroos breathe while hopping
2) Lizards- no diaphragm- rib cage produces negative pressure to fill lungs.
3) Crocs- crocs use liver as diaphragm.- lungs have many small cavities.
4) turtles- use abdominal muscles and limbs
Mammalian lungs - (ANSWER)1) tidal movement or air
2) Increase SA
3) gas exchange at the alveoli.
Trachea -> bronchi -> bronchiole -> terminal bronchiole -> alveoli.
Control of breathing - (ANSWER)1) ventilation is adjusted to need for O2
, 2) signal is increasing concentration of CO2 and H+.
3) chemoreceptors
4) increased ventilation
As respiratory size increases what happens to the body size? - (ANSWER)body size increases
Bird lungs - (ANSWER)1) compact and dense
2) lungs connect with the air sac
3) Air sacs ramify into bones (pneumatic bones)
4) 2 bronchi -> through lung -> abdominal sacs
5) air sacs act as bellows
6) gas exchange occurs in parabronchi.
Bird breathing - (ANSWER)1) Lungs filled by lowering and swinging forward the sternum
which lowers pressure in the chest.
2) no valves present to direct air, lung passages create appropriate aerodynamic conditions to
direct air.
3) unidirectional airflow.
Breathing in air VS. water - (ANSWER)1) Air = tidal and unidirectional flow
2) Water = unidirectional
O2 is a lot more plentiful (easier to extract) in air than in water.
Gills - (ANSWER)1) Tuft
2) Filament
3) Lamellate
-restricted to water because in air they will collapse under their own weight.
How to use gills? - (ANSWER)1) move gills
EDITION BY RICHARD W. HILL, GORDON A. WYSE,
MARGARET ANDERSON
3 Physiological processes involved with respiration? - (ANSWER)1) Gas being used.
2) solubility of the gas.
3) Physics of diffusion.
Dalton's law of partial pressure - (ANSWER)P(t)= P(1)+P(2)+P(3)
Diffusion of gasses - (ANSWER)Heavier gasses diffuse more slowly than light gasses. (rate of
diffusion is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight.)
Factors that determine the solubility of gasses in water? (4) - (ANSWER)1) Nature of the gas.
2) pressure (increase of pressure= increased solubility)
3) Temperature (increased temp. = decreased solubility)
4) Presence of solutes (solutes reduce solubility of gas)
types of respiration - (ANSWER)1) cutaneous respiration (Plethodon and salamanders)
2) butt breathing ( some turtles breath through their cloaca).
3) Respiratory surfaces (gills/ lungs)
Types of lungs - (ANSWER)1) Diffusion
2) Ventilation
Diffusion Lungs - (ANSWER)1) No muscular ventilation
2) Very small animals (snails ect.)
,ventilation lungs - (ANSWER)Gas exchange may take place via:
1) unidirectional flow (Birds, fish, croccodile's etc.)
2) Tidal flow (Amphibians, reptiles, mammals, etc.)
Types of ventilation lungs - (ANSWER)1) pressure pumps
2) suction lungs
How pressure pump lungs work - (ANSWER)1) Decrease pressure by lowering floor of buccal
cavity- air enters through nares or mouth.
2) Increase pressure by raising floor of buccal cavity and closing mouth and nares- air enters
lungs.
3) Close glottis and let air sit in lungs for gas diffusion.
4) Open glottis and let air escape from mouth or nares by elastic recoil and contraction of
muscles.
Suction lung - (ANSWER)lungs inflate with the movement of a muscle -> tidal flow.
Types of suction lungs - (ANSWER)1) Kangaroos breathe while hopping
2) Lizards- no diaphragm- rib cage produces negative pressure to fill lungs.
3) Crocs- crocs use liver as diaphragm.- lungs have many small cavities.
4) turtles- use abdominal muscles and limbs
Mammalian lungs - (ANSWER)1) tidal movement or air
2) Increase SA
3) gas exchange at the alveoli.
Trachea -> bronchi -> bronchiole -> terminal bronchiole -> alveoli.
Control of breathing - (ANSWER)1) ventilation is adjusted to need for O2
, 2) signal is increasing concentration of CO2 and H+.
3) chemoreceptors
4) increased ventilation
As respiratory size increases what happens to the body size? - (ANSWER)body size increases
Bird lungs - (ANSWER)1) compact and dense
2) lungs connect with the air sac
3) Air sacs ramify into bones (pneumatic bones)
4) 2 bronchi -> through lung -> abdominal sacs
5) air sacs act as bellows
6) gas exchange occurs in parabronchi.
Bird breathing - (ANSWER)1) Lungs filled by lowering and swinging forward the sternum
which lowers pressure in the chest.
2) no valves present to direct air, lung passages create appropriate aerodynamic conditions to
direct air.
3) unidirectional airflow.
Breathing in air VS. water - (ANSWER)1) Air = tidal and unidirectional flow
2) Water = unidirectional
O2 is a lot more plentiful (easier to extract) in air than in water.
Gills - (ANSWER)1) Tuft
2) Filament
3) Lamellate
-restricted to water because in air they will collapse under their own weight.
How to use gills? - (ANSWER)1) move gills
