PSYC101
GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
Module 4
LATEST FINAL TEST REVIEW
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. A dog is trained to salivate at the sound of a bell. The bell is
then paired with a flashing light, and the dog begins to salivate at
the sight of the light alone. This scenario demonstrates:
(a) Higher-order conditioning
(b) Extinction
(c) Spontaneous recovery
(d) Stimulus generalization
Rationale: Higher-order conditioning occurs when a neutral
stimulus (flashing light) is paired with a conditioned stimulus (bell)
that already elicits a conditioned response (salivation). The neutral
stimulus then becomes a conditioned stimulus itself, eliciting the
conditioned response.
2. A child is repeatedly exposed to a loud noise followed by a
bright light. Eventually, the child begins to show fear at the sight of
the light alone. This is an example of:
(a) Operant conditioning
(b) Classical conditioning
(c) Social learning
©2024/2025
,(d) Cognitive learning
Rationale: Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral
stimulus (light) with an unconditioned stimulus (loud noise) that
elicits an unconditioned response (fear). The neutral stimulus
becomes a conditioned stimulus, eliciting a conditioned response
(fear).
3. A rat is trained to press a lever to receive a food pellet. The rat
learns that pressing the lever only results in a food pellet if a light is
on. This scenario illustrates:
(a) Positive reinforcement
(b) Negative reinforcement
(c) Discriminative stimulus
(d) Shaping
Rationale: A discriminative stimulus (the light) signals the
availability of reinforcement (food pellet). The rat learns to
discriminate between the presence and absence of the light, and
only presses the lever when the light is on.
4. A child learns to say "please" by being rewarded with a cookie
after saying it. This is an example of:
©2024/2025
, (a) Positive reinforcement
(b) Negative reinforcement
(c) Punishment
(d) Extinction
Rationale: Positive reinforcement involves adding a desirable
stimulus (cookie) to increase the likelihood of a behavior (saying
"please").
5. A teenager is grounded for staying out past curfew. This is an
example of:
(a) Positive reinforcement
(b) Negative reinforcement
(c) Punishment
(d) Extinction
Rationale: Punishment involves adding an aversive stimulus
(grounding) to decrease the likelihood of a behavior (staying out
past curfew).
©2024/2025
GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
Module 4
LATEST FINAL TEST REVIEW
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. A dog is trained to salivate at the sound of a bell. The bell is
then paired with a flashing light, and the dog begins to salivate at
the sight of the light alone. This scenario demonstrates:
(a) Higher-order conditioning
(b) Extinction
(c) Spontaneous recovery
(d) Stimulus generalization
Rationale: Higher-order conditioning occurs when a neutral
stimulus (flashing light) is paired with a conditioned stimulus (bell)
that already elicits a conditioned response (salivation). The neutral
stimulus then becomes a conditioned stimulus itself, eliciting the
conditioned response.
2. A child is repeatedly exposed to a loud noise followed by a
bright light. Eventually, the child begins to show fear at the sight of
the light alone. This is an example of:
(a) Operant conditioning
(b) Classical conditioning
(c) Social learning
©2024/2025
,(d) Cognitive learning
Rationale: Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral
stimulus (light) with an unconditioned stimulus (loud noise) that
elicits an unconditioned response (fear). The neutral stimulus
becomes a conditioned stimulus, eliciting a conditioned response
(fear).
3. A rat is trained to press a lever to receive a food pellet. The rat
learns that pressing the lever only results in a food pellet if a light is
on. This scenario illustrates:
(a) Positive reinforcement
(b) Negative reinforcement
(c) Discriminative stimulus
(d) Shaping
Rationale: A discriminative stimulus (the light) signals the
availability of reinforcement (food pellet). The rat learns to
discriminate between the presence and absence of the light, and
only presses the lever when the light is on.
4. A child learns to say "please" by being rewarded with a cookie
after saying it. This is an example of:
©2024/2025
, (a) Positive reinforcement
(b) Negative reinforcement
(c) Punishment
(d) Extinction
Rationale: Positive reinforcement involves adding a desirable
stimulus (cookie) to increase the likelihood of a behavior (saying
"please").
5. A teenager is grounded for staying out past curfew. This is an
example of:
(a) Positive reinforcement
(b) Negative reinforcement
(c) Punishment
(d) Extinction
Rationale: Punishment involves adding an aversive stimulus
(grounding) to decrease the likelihood of a behavior (staying out
past curfew).
©2024/2025
