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Key Concepts in Infant Development: Reflexes, Attachment, and Early Growth.

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Portage Learning PSYC 140 Key Concepts in Infant Development: Reflexes, Attachment, and Early Growth. Questions with answers already graded! Shaken baby syndrome - Answer Brain damage caused by an infant being violently shaken. 5Ss of soothing - Answer 1) Swaddling 2) Side/stomach 3) Swinging 4) Shushing sounds 5) Sucking Why 5Ss work: - Answer -Touch releases endorphins -Soothing noises are calming -Swinging is similar to womb -Swaddling limits overstimulation Infancy - Answer -First two years of life -Reaching 30 lbs -32-35in tall Key infant reflexes: - Answer 1) Rooting 2) Moro Reflex 3) Grasping/Palmer Reflex 4) Stepping Reflex Rooting - Answer A reflex where a baby turns their head when the cheek or mouth is touched. Moro reflex - Answer A startled response: infant arches back and throws out limbs. Palmer reflex - Answer A spontaneous grasp made by an infant when the palm is rubbed. Stepping reflex - Answer Infant makes stepping motions when held above surfaces. Sleep states: - Answer nREM and REM sleep nREM sleep - Answer Regular sleep, non-rapid eye movement, where the baby is nearly motionless. REM sleep - Answer Irregular sleep, characterized by uneven breathing, half of an infant's daily sleep pattern. Two types of growth: - Answer Cephalocaudal Proximodistal Cephalocaudal - Answer Growth starts at the top with the head. -Brain and skull are primary locations of growth (limbs/body later). Overproduction - Answer Brains have more synaptic connections than needed. Neural pruning - Answer Important connections are maintained, and unimportant ones are discarded. Critical periods - Answer Must learn information within a specific span of time, otherwise brains won't develop

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Review of Key Medical Concepts and Case
Scenarios for Clinical Practice.
Questions with answers already graded!

Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis
Exam 1 - Answer✔Dry gangrene occurs when blood supply is slowly
reduced to an area. The area is dehydrated and becomes dark or black in
color. Commonly seen in patients with diabetes. It is not very painful,
but tissues eventually die.

Wet gangrene is caused by a sudden reduction in blood flow. The area is
cold and swollen, with no pulse. This can occur from trauma. Bacteria is
involved and is very painful. It has the appearance of pus, because it
looks wet. There is also a foul smell

Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful
circumstances. True or False
Exam 1 - Answer✔False

Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. True
or False
Exam 1 - Answer✔True

Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply
Exam 1

1) It is involved in cellular respiration
2) They are found far from the site of energy consumption
3) They play a role in apoptosis
4) They control free radicals - Answer✔It is involved in cellular
respiration
They play a role in apoptosis

, Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply
Exam 1

1) Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
2 )The main structural component is made of proteins
3) Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle
cells
4) Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation -
Answer✔Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to
within
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle
cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation

Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become
more specialized cell types. True or False
Exam 2 - Answer✔False Answer: cell differentiation

Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic
cell division. True or False
Exam 2 - Answer✔False, Answer: cell proliferation

What are two important properties that stem cells possess
Exam 2 - Answer✔Potency and self-renewal

These are cells of the same lineage that have not yet differentiated to the
extent that they have lost their ability to divide
Exam 2 - Answer✔progenitor or parent cells

is a systemic treatment that enables drugs to reach the site of the tumor
as well as other distant sites
Exam 2 - Answer✔chemotherapy

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