BIO 252 EXAMS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A
What is homeostasis?
how varied components of living things adjust to maintain a constant
internal living environment. There is a balanced dynamic state!
Diseases result from homeostatic imbalances (diabetes)
What are the levels of organization?
chemical - cellular - tissue - organ - organ system - organismal
What is the nervous system made of?
The Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral
nervous system (cranial nerves and spinal nerves).
What is the big picture of the nervous system? What does this mean?
Input - Processing - Output. Explain.
,BIO 252 EXAMS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A
Most of our wiring is _____.
insulated.
Neuron
Describe the soma, neurofibrils, Nissl bodies, dendrites, axon and axon
hillock.
Soma- body of the neuron cell.
Neurofibrils- work with microtubules to compartmentalize rough ER
into Nissl bodies.
Nissl bodies- help identify neurons in tissue sections with mixed cell
types
Dendrites- primary site for receiving signals from other neurons
axon hillock- nerve fiber where axon originates
axon- conducs nerve signals to remote point from the soma. contains
Varicosities secrete NTs.
,BIO 252 EXAMS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A
How are neurons classified?
By number of processes extending from the soma.
What is the difference in multipolar nerons, bipolar neurons, and
anaxonic neurons?
multipolar - one axon with multiple dendrites. Includes most neurons of
the brain and spinal cord.
bipolar- one axon and one dendrite.
Anaxonic- multiple dendrites, no axon. Communicate through dendrites
and produce no action. found in brain, retina, and adrenal medulla.
What is axonal transport?
two way passage of proteins, organelles, and other materials along the
axon.
What is anterograde and retrograde transport?
anterograde- moves down the axon, away from the soma.
, BIO 252 EXAMS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A
retrograde- moves up the axon, towards the soma.
What are 3 properties that enable communication with other cells?
1. Excitability (response to stimuli or environmental change).
2. Conductivity ( production of electrical signals that are conducted to
other cells at distant locations).
3. Secretion (when a signal reaches the end of a nerve fiber, neuron
secretes a NT that crosses gap and enters the next cell).
What are sensory neurons?
(dealing with the five senses) They are a part of the PNS (afferent). They
conduct signals from receptors to the nervous system. Detect stimuli
and transmit info TOWARDs the CNS.
somatic: bones, joints, and muscles
visceral: comes from inside us like internal organs
What are interneurons?
What is homeostasis?
how varied components of living things adjust to maintain a constant
internal living environment. There is a balanced dynamic state!
Diseases result from homeostatic imbalances (diabetes)
What are the levels of organization?
chemical - cellular - tissue - organ - organ system - organismal
What is the nervous system made of?
The Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral
nervous system (cranial nerves and spinal nerves).
What is the big picture of the nervous system? What does this mean?
Input - Processing - Output. Explain.
,BIO 252 EXAMS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A
Most of our wiring is _____.
insulated.
Neuron
Describe the soma, neurofibrils, Nissl bodies, dendrites, axon and axon
hillock.
Soma- body of the neuron cell.
Neurofibrils- work with microtubules to compartmentalize rough ER
into Nissl bodies.
Nissl bodies- help identify neurons in tissue sections with mixed cell
types
Dendrites- primary site for receiving signals from other neurons
axon hillock- nerve fiber where axon originates
axon- conducs nerve signals to remote point from the soma. contains
Varicosities secrete NTs.
,BIO 252 EXAMS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A
How are neurons classified?
By number of processes extending from the soma.
What is the difference in multipolar nerons, bipolar neurons, and
anaxonic neurons?
multipolar - one axon with multiple dendrites. Includes most neurons of
the brain and spinal cord.
bipolar- one axon and one dendrite.
Anaxonic- multiple dendrites, no axon. Communicate through dendrites
and produce no action. found in brain, retina, and adrenal medulla.
What is axonal transport?
two way passage of proteins, organelles, and other materials along the
axon.
What is anterograde and retrograde transport?
anterograde- moves down the axon, away from the soma.
, BIO 252 EXAMS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A
retrograde- moves up the axon, towards the soma.
What are 3 properties that enable communication with other cells?
1. Excitability (response to stimuli or environmental change).
2. Conductivity ( production of electrical signals that are conducted to
other cells at distant locations).
3. Secretion (when a signal reaches the end of a nerve fiber, neuron
secretes a NT that crosses gap and enters the next cell).
What are sensory neurons?
(dealing with the five senses) They are a part of the PNS (afferent). They
conduct signals from receptors to the nervous system. Detect stimuli
and transmit info TOWARDs the CNS.
somatic: bones, joints, and muscles
visceral: comes from inside us like internal organs
What are interneurons?
