General Linguistics 178 Year Notes
, Contents
1 Chapter 1: Introduction to Syntax.......................................................................................................3
1.1 Overview......................................................................................................................................3
1.2 Taxonomic vs. cognitive approach to grammar...........................................................................3
1.3 Cognitive approach......................................................................................................................4
1.4 Universal grammar......................................................................................................................4
1.5 Language faculty..........................................................................................................................5
1.6 Principles of UG...........................................................................................................................7
1.7 Parameters..................................................................................................................................8
1.7.1 Null-Subject Parameter.........................................................................................................8
1.7.2 Wh-parameter......................................................................................................................9
1.7.3 Head-position parameter......................................................................................................9
1.8 Parameter setting......................................................................................................................10
1.9 Evidence used to set parameters...............................................................................................10
1.9.1 Positive evidence................................................................................................................10
1.9.2 Negative evidence...............................................................................................................11
1.10 Finegan Reading.......................................................................................................................11
1.10.1 Verbs (V)...........................................................................................................................11
1.10.2 Nouns (N)..........................................................................................................................11
1.10.3 Adjectives (A)....................................................................................................................12
1.10.4 Pronouns (P).....................................................................................................................12
1.10.5 Determiners (D)................................................................................................................12
1.10.6 Prepositions and Postpositions.........................................................................................13
1.10.7 Adverbs.............................................................................................................................13
1.10.8 Conjunctions.....................................................................................................................13
2 Chapter 2: Words..............................................................................................................................14
2.1 Overview....................................................................................................................................14
2.2 Grammatical categories.............................................................................................................14
2.3 Categorising words....................................................................................................................16
2.4 Functional categories.................................................................................................................16
2.5 Determiners: Articles, demonstratives, quantifiers...................................................................17
2.6 Determiners: Pronouns..............................................................................................................18
2.7 Auxiliaries...................................................................................................................................19
2.8 Infinitival “to”.............................................................................................................................20
2.9 Complementisers.......................................................................................................................20
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, Contents
1 Chapter 1: Introduction to Syntax.......................................................................................................3
1.1 Overview......................................................................................................................................3
1.2 Taxonomic vs. cognitive approach to grammar...........................................................................3
1.3 Cognitive approach......................................................................................................................4
1.4 Universal grammar......................................................................................................................4
1.5 Language faculty..........................................................................................................................5
1.6 Principles of UG...........................................................................................................................7
1.7 Parameters..................................................................................................................................8
1.7.1 Null-Subject Parameter.........................................................................................................8
1.7.2 Wh-parameter......................................................................................................................9
1.7.3 Head-position parameter......................................................................................................9
1.8 Parameter setting......................................................................................................................10
1.9 Evidence used to set parameters...............................................................................................10
1.9.1 Positive evidence................................................................................................................10
1.9.2 Negative evidence...............................................................................................................11
1.10 Finegan Reading.......................................................................................................................11
1.10.1 Verbs (V)...........................................................................................................................11
1.10.2 Nouns (N)..........................................................................................................................11
1.10.3 Adjectives (A)....................................................................................................................12
1.10.4 Pronouns (P).....................................................................................................................12
1.10.5 Determiners (D)................................................................................................................12
1.10.6 Prepositions and Postpositions.........................................................................................13
1.10.7 Adverbs.............................................................................................................................13
1.10.8 Conjunctions.....................................................................................................................13
2 Chapter 2: Words..............................................................................................................................14
2.1 Overview....................................................................................................................................14
2.2 Grammatical categories.............................................................................................................14
2.3 Categorising words....................................................................................................................16
2.4 Functional categories.................................................................................................................16
2.5 Determiners: Articles, demonstratives, quantifiers...................................................................17
2.6 Determiners: Pronouns..............................................................................................................18
2.7 Auxiliaries...................................................................................................................................19
2.8 Infinitival “to”.............................................................................................................................20
2.9 Complementisers.......................................................................................................................20
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